Skip to main content
. 2023 Apr 1;17(2):114–124. doi: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v17i2.12650

Table 1.

Detailed information and quality assessment of all included studies

Author (Year) Location Study Design Number of cases Number of controls Number of EBV positive cancer tissue Number of EBV positive control Type of Breast Cancer Tumor grade Tissue type (paraffin-embedded tissue/ frozen tissue) Detection Method Detection Marker Newcastle-Ottawa Scale*
Aboulkassim et al., 2015   25  Syria case control 108 13 56 8 invasive breast cancer (84), in situ (24) N/A paraffin-embedded tissue PCR, tissue microarray, IHC IHC: LMP-1IHC: EBNA-1 9
Al Hamad et al., 2020     26  Jordan case control 100 50 24 3 invasive breast cancer (95) and in situ (5) Grade I = 12 Grade II = 56Grade III = 32 Paraffin-embedded tissue RT-PCR, chromogen ISH EBNA 2ISH: EBER probe 7
Antonsson et al., 2012   27  Australia case control 54 10 5 0 invasive breast cancer (52); mixed (1); DCIS (1) Grade I = 10 Grade II = 23 Grade III = 20 Frozen tissue RT-PCR EBV assay 8
Charostad et al., 2021   37  Iran case control 51 51 6 1 N/A Early (I/II) = 32Advanced (III/IV) = 19 Frozen tissue Nested PCR, RT-qPCR MiR-218 7
Dowran et al., 2019   36  Iran case control 150 150 0 0 Invasive Grade I = 35Grade II = 67Grade III = 48 Paraffin-embedded tissue PCR BHFR1 region 8
El-Naby et al., 201729 USA case control 42 42 10 6 Invasive Grade I/II = 28
Grade III = 14		 Paraffin-embedded tissue Nested PCR, IHC EBNA-1, LMP-1 5
Mohammadizadeh, et al., 2014   35  Iran case control 80 80 6 0 Invasive Grade I = 5
Grade II = 40
Grade III = 32		 Paraffin-embedded tissue IHC LMP-1 9
Fessahaye et al., 2017   3 8 Eritrea case control 144 63 47 6 Invasive N/A Paraffin-embedded tissue PCR, ISH and IHC EBER LMP-1 9
Glenn et al., 2012   28  Australia case control standard PCR: 50, in-situ PCR: 27 standard PCR: 40, insitu PCR: 18 39 20 Invasive (64), in situ (13) NA Fresh frozen DNA extract, human milk epithelial cell DNA, formalin-fixed specimens Standard PCR, in situ PCR EBNA-1 9
Gupta et al., 2021   39  Croatia case-control 70 16 25 0 Triple-negative breast cancer Grade I = 0Grade II = 11Grade III= 59 Paraffin-embedded tissue Thermo Scientific GeneJET FFPE DNA Purification Kit,PCR EBNA1EBNA2LMP-1 7
Hussein et al., 2013   40  Iraq case control 22 10 11 0 invasive (12), infiltrative (8), recurrent (2) Grade I=4, Grade II=16, Grade III=2 Paraffin-embedded tissue ISH EBER 7
Khabaz et al., 2013   42  Saudi Arabia case control 92 49 24 3 Invasive Grade I=10, Grade II=32, Grade III=39; Grade III=7 Paraffin-embedded tissue PCR EBER 2, BNLF-1, EBNA 2, Gp220, EBNA-1 6
Metwally et al., 2021   43  Egypt case control 80 30 23 0 Invasive Grade II=75, paraffin-embedded tissue, fresh tissue samples, WBC PCR EBNA-1BXLF-1 BamH1-KLMP-1 5
Mofrad et al., 2020   34  Iran case control 59 11 4 0 Invasive I=4, II/III=55 FFPE PCR EBV- EBNA, GAPDH 8
Morales-Sanchez et al,, 2013   48  Mexico case control 86 65 4 0 Invasive (79), in-situ (7) na FFPE PCR Raji, Daudi and B95-8 cells 6
Mostafaei et al., 2020   33  Iran case control 83 31 50 11  Invasive, in-situ NA FFPE PCR EBNA-2, LMP-1, LMP-2A, EBER 1, EBER 2 8
Naushad et al., 2017   44  Pakistan Case-Control 250 15 61 0 Primary invasive breast cancer grade 1 112 (44.8%) grade 2 113 (45.2%) grade 3 25 (10%) paraffin embedded (FFPE) block PCR PCR: EBNA2F and EBNA2 4
Pai et al., 2018   45  India Case-Control 83 7 25 0 Primary invasive breast cancer Grade II 4 (4.8%) Grade III 79 (95.2%) paraffin embedded tissues ISH ISH: EBER 8
Reza et al., 2015   31  Iran Case-Control 100 100 8 0 Primary invasive breast cancer grade I (35%), grade II (42%), and grade III(23%) Paraffin embedded block PCR PCR: EBER 4
Richardson et al., 2015   46  New Zealand Case-Control 70 70 24 9 N/A Grade I: 8.5%Grade II: 29.6%Grade III: 62.0% Frozen tissue PCR PCR: EBNA-1 6
Sharifpour et al., 2019   32  Iran Case-Control 37 35 10 4 Invasive (34) In situ (3) Grade I: 12 Grade II: 13 Grade III: 12 Paraffin-Embedded Tissue PCR PCR: EBNA 3C 7
Torfi et al., 2021   30  Iran Case-Control 46 46 2 0 N/A (I–II: 48%); (III–IV: 52%) Not mentioned PCR PCR: EBNA-1 7
Yahia et al., 2014   47  Sudan Case-Control 92 50 59 12 Primary invasive breast cancer Not mentioned Paraffin blocks and frozen tissue PCR & ISH  PCR: EBNA-4 and LMP-1  6
Zekri et al., 2012   41  Egypt and Iraq Case-Control 90 40 32 0 Primary invasive breast cancer Grade I: 3,
Grade II: 60,
Grade III: 19		 Paraffin blocks PCR & ISH & IHC PCR: EBNA-1 and LMP-1 ISH: EBER IHC: CD21 against EBV membrane receptor and LMP-1 7