Table 3.
Contamination levels (µg/L) of eight mycotoxins in beer samples from Shanghai, China, in 2021 (n = 158).
| Mycotoxin | MRLs 1 | Below MRLs | Incidence | Positive Number | Mean | SD | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DON | 1000 2, 750 3 | 100% | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| D3G | 100% | 34.81% | 55/158 | 30.60 | 54.59 | 5–495.24 | |
| 3A-DON | 100% | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | |
| 15A-DON | 100% | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | |
| NIV | NF | 100% | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| ZEN | 60 2, 75 3 | 99.36%, 99.36% | 16.46% | 26/158 | 6.83 | 8.72 | 5.38–98.76 |
| FB1 | NF, 800 3 | 100% | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
| OTA | 5 2, 3 3 | 100% | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD |
1 MRLs, Maximum Regulation Limits; SD, Standard Deviation; NF, Not Found. 2 MRLs for DON, ZEN, FB1, OTA in cereals and their products (GB 2761-2017). 3 MRLs for DON, ZEN, FB1, OTA in cereal flour, maize-based breakfast cereals, or processed cereals as end product marketed for direct human consumption (EC Regulation 2023/915).