Table 4.
Sterol composition and content (mg/100 g of fat) in different samples of Italian and Canadian durum wheat after the debranning process.
| Campesterol | Campestanol | Stigmasterol | β-Sitosterol | Sitostanol | Δ5-Avenasterol | Avenastanol | Δ7-Avenasterol | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-WG | 358.7 ± 1.8 cdA | 275.3 ± 3.5 bA | 45.7 ± 3.0 cdeA | 788.8 ± 2.0 cA | 220.7 ± 3.0 bcA | 117.5 ± 2.3 bcB | 12.0 ± 0.1 abB | 31.1 ± 0.0 abB | 1849.8 ± 2.1 dA |
| I-DG3 | 288.1 ± 0.3 eB | 177.2 ± 1.5 eB | 35.0 ± 1.5 deA | 673.6 ± 4.0 fB | 142.0 ± 1.9 eB | 101.4 ± 2.0 dB | 13.0 ± 0.8 abB | 23.7 ± 0.8 bcdB | 1454.0 ± 5.7 hB |
| I-DB3 | 394.5 ± 3.6 abA | 235.5 ± 0.6 cB | 80.4 ± 0.4 aB | 749.4 ± 9.4 dB | 208.2 ± 1.5 cdB | 108.3 ± 1.2 cdB | 12.0 ± 1.4 abB | 29.1 ± 2.0 abcdB | 1817.4 ± 13.4 eB |
| I-DG6 | 370.0 ± 3.6 cA | 263.1 ± 4.4 bB | 40.5 ± 2.3 cdeA | 815.2 ± 2.6 bB | 217.7 ± 1.5 bcB | 116.4 ± 0.3 bcB | 9.5 ± 0.8 bB | 33.7 ± 6.2 aB | 1866.1 ± 2.2 dB |
| I-DB6 | 406.3 ± 7.3 aA | 334.0 ± 0.6 aA | 75.9 ± 0.2 abB | 890.1 ± 3.7 aB | 287.6 ± 0.3 aB | 133.1 ± 0.1 abB | 13.8 ± 0.1 abB | 34.2 ± 0.2 aB | 2175.0 ± 16.5 aB |
| I-DG9 | 297.5 ± 8.4 eA | 269.5 ± 9.4 bB | 32.8 ± 3.1 deA | 713.5 ± 11.0 eB | 222.4 ± 0.7 bcB | 110.2 ± 2.5 cB | 11.1 ± 2.1 abB | 20.5 ± 1.4 dB | 1677.5 ± 76.6 gB |
| I-DB9 | 387.7 ± 1.2 bA | 267.6 ± 3.1 bB | 66.0 ± 3.9 bA | 792.7 ± 1.3 cB | 233.9 ± 12.9 bB | 110.8 ± 1.6 cB | 12.5 ± 2.2 abB | 32.1 ± 1.9 abB | 1903.3 ± 6.9 cB |
| I-DG12 | 351.6 ± 0.5 dA | 277.7 ± 2.0 bB | 39.2 ± 2.8 cdeA | 813.8 ± 3.2 bB | 235.5 ± 1.0 bB | 114.8 ± 1.6 cB | 11.7 ± 1.8 abB | 21.2 ± 1.1 cdB | 1865.5 ± 54.3 dB |
| I-DB12 | 388.7 ± 2.8 bA | 327.0 ± 3.7 aB | 65.4 ± 2.5 bA | 872.8 ± 5.8 aB | 285.9 ± 12.6 aB | 140.1 ± 11.5 aB | 16.0 ± 4.7 abB | 30.7 ± 1.4 abcB | 2126.6 ± 7.5 aB |
| I-DG15 | 303.1 ± 1.9 eA | 225.3 ± 1.0 dB | 38.7 ± 5.3 eA | 670.5 ± 0.2 daB | 187.2 ± 0.7 dB | 102.5 ± 3.4 dB | 14.0 ± 0.6 abB | 22.8 ± 1.7 bcdB | 1564.1 ± 32.7 fB |
| I-DB15 | 351.3 ± 6.0 dA | 337.7 ± 1.4 aB | 50.0 ± 1.6 cB | 877.6 ± 16.4 fB | 291.7 ± 10.2 aB | 140.3 ± 5.9 aB | 18.8 ± 3.5 aB | 26.1 ± 3.4 abcdB | 2093.5 ± 6.6 bB |
| C-WG | 251.3 ± 1.4 dB | 216.7 ± 1.5 dB | 32.5 ± 0.1 eB | 689.0 ± 3.1 eB | 233.8 ± 0.6 eA | 186.6 ± 0.2 hA | 27.7 ± 1.9 eA | 42.5 ± 1.0 cA | 1680.1 ± 3.0 gB |
| C-DG3 | 308.6 ± 1.8 bA | 221.8 ± 3.3 dA | 39.6 ± 1.1 dA | 792.8 ± 8.1 dA | 229.2 ± 3.7 eA | 176.1 ± 3.0 hA | 22.1 ± 2.9 eA | 48.4 ± 0.9 bcA | 1838.6 ± 7.2 fA |
| C-DB3 | 349.2 ± 0.6 aB | 304.5 ± 4.5 cA | 90.4 ± 1.2 aA | 879.5 ± 0.2 cA | 335.6 ± 1.0 dA | 251.5 ± 0.1 dA | 43.4 ± 2.1 bcdA | 52.7 ± 1.7 abcA | 2306.8 ± 20.7 bA |
| C-DG6 | 333.0 ± 6.5 bB | 294.4 ± 1.8 cA | 39.9 ± 1.1 dA | 881.3 ± 3.7 cA | 315.7 ± 1.6 dA | 216.1 ± 0.9 fgA | 35.2 ± 0.1 deA | 58.0 ± 4.8 abA | 2173.6 ± 27.1 dA |
| C-DB6 | 364.4 ± 3.2 aB | 335.4 ± 4.1 bA | 82.8 ± 0.9 bA | 983.5 ± 9.0 aA | 382.0 ± 0.6 bA | 289.2 ± 2.1 bA | 44.7 ± 1.1 abcA | 55.9 ± 5.2 abcA | 2537.9 ± 11.7 aA |
| C-DG9 | 290.2 ± 1.3 cA | 290.6 ± 2.0 cA | 33.0 ± 0.2 eA | 818.6 ± 14.6 dA | 321.5 ± 6.0 dA | 211.3 ± 4.6 gA | 39.8 ± 2.7 cdA | 50.4 ± 1.0 bcA | 2055.4 ± 57.4 eA |
| C-DB9 | 324.7 ± 0.4 bB | 330.0 ± 10.3 bA | 63.6 ± 1.8 cA | 886.3 ± 20.8 bcA | 365.2 ± 10.0 cA | 269.6 ± 11.2 cA | 36.0 ± 1.7 dA | 55.2 ± 3.5 abcA | 2330.6 ± 34.6 bA |
| C-DG12 | 315.4 ± 8.6 bB | 316.8 ± 7.1 bcA | 40.4 ± 1.6 dA | 879.7 ± 7.9 cA | 349.2 ± 4.2 cdA | 232.2 ± 2.7 efA | 42.6 ± 0.9 bcA | 48.8 ± 7.1 bcA | 2225.1 ± 15.7 cA |
| C-DB12 | 349.4 ± 7.3 aB | 363.2 ± 4.3 aA | 63.1 ± 0.9 cA | 973.0 ± 6.6 aA | 405.5 ± 5.2 aA | 299.9 ± 0.9 abA | 51.6 ± 1.1 aA | 61.9 ± 3.3 abA | 2567.6 ± 34.2 aA |
| C-DG15 | 314.5 ± 5.8 bA | 302.2 ± 0.3 cA | 36.5 ± 0.2 deA | 923.2 ± 2.1 bA | 360.7 ± 0.5 cA | 243.7 ± 4.3 deA | 43.6 ± 0.4 bcA | 51.1 ± 3.8 bcA | 2275.5 ± 41.3 cA |
| C-DB15 | 355.9 ± 3.2 aA | 367.9 ± 13.4 aA | 62.5 ± 0.9 cA | 1002.0 ± 5.4 aA | 419.0 ± 9.6 aA | 310.4 ± 0.3 aA | 48.7 ± 3.2 abA | 67.0 ± 0.7 aA | 2633.4 ± 3.4 aA |
Abbreviation: I: Italian; C: Canadian; DG: debranned grain; DB: debranning by-product. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 4). In each column, different lowercase letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) among the fractions of each individual durum wheat variety (Italian and Canadian), whereas different capital letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) between the same Italian and Canadian durum wheat fraction for each sterol.