Table 3.
Values of Young’s modulus of decellularized organs.
| DCL Organ | Young’s Modulus | Method | Device and Measuring Conditions | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porcine liver | 1.25 ± 0.07 kPa | Compression test | Zwick/Roell ProLine Z005 testing machine (Zwick/Roell, Ulm, Germany) equipped with a 10 N load cell. | [62] |
| Ferret liver | 1.18 kPa | Compression test | ElectroForce TestBench mechanical testing system equipped with a 1000-g load cell (Bose ElectroForce, Eden Prairie, MN, USA). | [63] |
| Rat liver | 145 ± 19.68 kPa | Tensile test | Uniaxial tensile testing machine (CMT8502, Shenzhen New Sans Test Technical Company, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China). The test was performed at loading speed of 1 mm/min until the final fracture of the specimen. | [64] |
| Human liver | 18,490 ± 1400 kPa | Tensile test | Instron 3367 dual column universal testing system (Instron, Glenview, IL, USA) fitted with Instron biopulse submersible pneumatic side action grips (Instron, USA) and a 50 N load cell. A gauge length of 20 mm and an extension rate of 20 mm/min were used. | [65] |
| Rat lung | ~80 kPa | Tensile test | Santam tensile testing machine STM-1 (SANTAM, Tehran, Iran). The uniaxial tensile test was carried out by a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min, elongation raised to 20–40 mm, and a load cell of 6 kg at a constant elongation speed until rupture of the specimen was observed. | [66] |
| Rat lung | 74.91 ± 5.78 kPa | Tensile test | Material testing machine BZ2.5/TN1S (Zwick/Roell, Ulm, Germany). Preloading of 0.015 N was imposed and the sample length was reported, then a preload of 0.003 N was set. | [67] |
| Rat lung | 0.38 ± 0.07 kPa | Tensile test | Displacement actuator 300C-LR (Aurora Scientific, Aurora, ON, Canada) with a force transducer 404A (Aurora Scientific, Canada). Uniaxial tensile measurements after preconditioning with triangular stretch at 0.1 mN force. | [68] |
| Porcine kidney (cortex) | 6.4 ± 2.7 kPa | Compression test | Instron 3342 Single Column Universal Testing System (Instron, USA) and Instron Model 1321 (Instron, Glenview, IL, USA) were used to perform compression tests at a rate of 0.07 mm/sec until a compression force of 45 N was reached. | [69] |
| Rat Kidney | 178.9 ± 50.2 kPa | Tensile test | Tensile mechanical testing machine (Instron, Glenview, IL, USA). Samples were preconditioned by cycles of loading and unloading. Strain rate was 0.01 s−1 throughout the test. | [70] |
| Rat liver | 4242.2 ± 891.6 kPa | |||
| Rat Lung | 233.6 ± 98.0 kPa |