Figure 1.

Effects of MMMM on Zn²⁺-induced Aβ aggregation. (A) To presume the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) value of Zn²⁺, PC12 cells were incubated with various concentrations of ZnCl₂ (0–100 μM) for 3 h and the resulting cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. (B) Bioavailability of the 16 h of incubation with MMMM (0–100 μg/mL) was evaluated in PC12 cells by performing MTT assay. (C) Representative immunofluorescence images and (D) their quantitative bar graphs showing aggregated Aβ in the cells pretreated with MMMM (10 μg/mL, MMMM-L; 100 μg/mL, MMMM-H) for 16 h and further treated with 50 μM ZnCl₂ for 3 h. (E) Cell viability and (F) Morphogloy of cells pretreated with MMMM (10 μg/mL, MMMM-L; 100 μg/mL, MMMM-H) for 16 h and further treated with 50 μM ZnCl₂ for 3 h). In (A,B), ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001, respectively, vs. Cont. In (D,E), *** p < 0.001 vs. Cont; ^### p < 0.001 vs. Zn²⁺; and ^δδδ p < 0.001 vs. MMMM-L. Data are represented as the mean ± standard deviation. N.S; no significance.