Figure 3.

Effects of MMMM on Aβ-induced ROS generation and activities of SOD and Catalase in in vitro AD models. PC12 cells were pretreated with MMMM (10 μg/mL, MMMM-L; 100 μg/mL, MMMM-H) for 16 h and further treated with 50 μM ZnCl₂ for 3 h. Using the in vitro AD model, the effects of MMMM on intracellular ROS levels was evaluated by (A) H₂DCFDA assay and (B) the following quantification of the DCF fluorescence. Activities of (C) SOD and (D) Catalase were assessed in cells with different treatments. In all graphs, *** p < 0.001 vs. Cont; ^# p < 0.05 and ^## p < 0.01 vs. Zn²⁺; and ^δ p < 0.05 vs. MMMM-L. Data are represented as the mean ± standard deviation. ROS, reactive oxygen species; H₂DCFDA, a 2′-7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.