Table 1.
Atopic dermatitis in children under 5; age-specific rates (per 100,000) of prevalence in the Central, Eastern, and Western European sub-regions, by location and sex, in 1990–2019; a Joinpoint regression analysis * and correlation with Human Development Index (HDI).
| Locations ** | Males | Females | Both Sexes—HDI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | AAPC | 1990 | 2019 | AAPC | Pearson Coefficient | p | |
| Western Europe | 8497.4 | 8535.6 | −0.1 * | 11,768.9 | 11,856.6 | 0.0 | - | - |
| Central Europe | 6473.9 | 6476.3 | −0.1 * | 6577.8 | 6564.1 | −0.1 * | - | - |
| Eastern Europe | 10,116.0 | 10,839.4 | 0.3 * | 10,980.6 | 11,336.8 | 0.1 * | - | - |
| Albania | 6576.5 | 6538.6 | −0.1 * | 6739.6 | 6733.7 | −0.1 * | −0.628 | 0.000 |
| Andorra | 7742.6 | 7893.9 | +0.2 * | 11,556.9 | 11,754.3 | 0.1 * | 0.632 | 0.003 |
| Austria | 7599.5 | 7635.3 | −0.0 | 11,324.5 | 11,374.6 | −0.0 | −0.239 | 0.204 |
| Belarus | 6379.7 | 6325.7 | −0.2 * | 8626.4 | 8544.4 | −0.1 * | −0.621 | 0.001 |
| Belgium | 7569.6 | 7653.5 | 0.0 | 11,276.0 | 11,404.4 | 0.0 | 0.234 | 0.214 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 6743.5 | 6784.3 | −0.0 | 6947.2 | 6991.7 | −0.0 | −0.354 | 0.126 |
| Bulgaria | 6754.8 | 6719.0 | −0.1 * | 6963.7 | 6923.0 | −0.1 * | −0.514 | 0.004 |
| Croatia | 6759.0 | 6716.7 | −0.0 | 6967.5 | 6923.4 | −0.0 | −0.375 | 0.041 |
| Cyprus | 7029.1 | 7093.0 | −0.0 | 10,997.1 | 11,099.0 | −0.0 | −0.251 | 0.181 |
| Czechia | 6683.9 | 6695.6 | −0.1 * | 6889.0 | 6900.6 | −0.1 * | −0.493 | 0.006 |
| Denmark | 8832.4 | 9002.7 | 0.0 * | 12,626.1 | 12,872.1 | 0.1 * | 0.700 | 0.000 |
| Estonia | 15,448.3 | 15,311.2 | −0.1 * | 15,439.4 | 15,283.0 | −0.2 * | −0.698 | 0.000 |
| Finland | 7555.6 | 7717.7 | 0.0 * | 11,253.7 | 11,496.8 | 0.0* | 0.418 | 0.021 |
| France | 9806.7 | 9815.9 | −0.0 | 14,168.4 | 14,181.7 | 0.0 | −0.093 | 0.626 |
| Germany | 8354.4 | 8480.5 | −0.0 | 10,164.3 | 10,298.4 | −0.0 | −0.344 | 0.063 |
| Greece | 6666.3 | 6655.0 | 0.0 | 9682.7 | 9711.0 | 0.0 | 0.042 | 0.825 |
| Hungary | 8092.0 | 8180.7 | −0.0 * | 9052.4 | 9149.5 | −0.1 * | −0.408 | 0.025 |
| Iceland | 8139.4 | 8258.9 | −0.0 | 12,246.9 | 12,466.6 | 0.0 | 0.003 | 0.989 |
| Ireland | 7764.1 | 7709.1 | −0.0 | 11,580.6 | 11,486.1 | −0.0 | −0.289 | 0.122 |
| Israel | 7647.0 | 7587.7 | 0.0 * | 11,399.5 | 11,306.8 | −0.0 * | −0.591 | 0.001 |
| Italy | 8688.0 | 8832.1 | 0.1 * | 12,313.2 | 12,512.9 | 0.1 * | 0.520 | 0.003 |
| Latvia | 4394.2 | 4373.5 | −0.2 * | 5628.8 | 5591.7 | −0.2 * | −0.770 | 0.000 |
| Lithuania | 6258.4 | 6289.8 | −0.1 * | 8459.2 | 8498.9 | −0.1 * | −0.734 | 0.000 |
| Luxembourg | 7516.4 | 7629.2 | 0.1 * | 11,189.9 | 11,371.8 | 0.1 * | 0.771 | 0.000 |
| Malta | 7653.3 | 7658.8 | −0.1 * | 11,402.1 | 11,386.8 | −0.1 * | −0.703 | 0.000 |
| Monaco | 7376.2 | 7700.2 | 0.1 * | 10,865.2 | 11,416.9 | 0.1 * | - | - |
| Montenegro | 6749.3 | 6710.5 | −0.0 * | 6962.1 | 6909.9 | −0.0 * | −0.033 | 0.901 |
| Netherlands | 7554.7 | 7610.9 | 0.0 * | 11,258.8 | 11,340.1 | 0.0 * | 0.471 | 0.009 |
| North Macedonia | 6683.7 | 6694.9 | −0.0 * | 6898.9 | 6900.5 | −0.1 * | −0.598 | 0.002 |
| Norway | 8344.0 | 8611.8 | 0.1 * | 11,897.5 | 12,283.7 | 0.1 * | 0.760 | 0.000 |
| Poland | 6625.3 | 6409.3 | −0.2 * | 6708.1 | 6391.5 | −0.3 * | −0.790 | 0.000 |
| Portugal | 7650.2 | 7679.5 | 0.0 * | 11,395.7 | 11,442.0 | 0.0 * | 0.409 | 0.025 |
| Republic of Moldova | 6335.1 | 6310.9 | −0.1 * | 8568.6 | 8527.0 | −0.1 * | −0.561 | 0.001 |
| Romania | 5243.9 | 5213.8 | −0.0 | 4814.7 | 4815.1 | −0.0 | −0.180 | 0.342 |
| Russian Federation | 11,819.1 | 12,350.6 | 0.2 * | 12,038.0 | 12,248.7 | 0.1 | 0.542 | 0.002 |
| San Marino | 7683.1 | 7683.2 | 0.0 * | 11,486.2 | 11,458.9 | 0.0 * | - | - |
| Serbia | 6564.6 | 6800.7 | 0.1 * | 6936.2 | 6997.2 | 0.0 | 0.453 | 0.012 |
| Slovakia | 6720.9 | 6678.0 | −0.1 * | 6928.8 | 6881.7 | −0.1 * | −0.684 | 0.000 |
| Slovenia | 6794.2 | 6746.0 | −0.1 * | 7007.8 | 6949.5 | −0.1 * | −0.610 | 0.000 |
| Spain | 6963.1 | 7016.6 | 0.1 * | 11,096.4 | 11,173.8 | 0.0 | 0.260 | 0.165 |
| Sweden | 7565.0 | 7751.3 | −0.0 | 11,263.6 | 11,539.0 | −0.0 | −0.055 | 0.772 |
| Switzerland | 7575.9 | 7657.9 | −0.0 | 11,291.6 | 11,407.3 | −0.0 | −0.350 | 0.058 |
| Ukraine | 6490.5 | 6446.3 | −0.1 * | 8807.1 | 8734.6 | −0.1 * | 0.571 | 0.001 |
| United Kingdom | 9417.4 | 9336.6 | −0.1 * | 11,965.9 | 11,921.7 | −0.1 * | −0.788 | 0.000 |
* Statistically significant trend (p < 0.05). ** Results of correlation analysis are not presented for prevalence in certain locations, due to the absence of data regarding Human Development Index in the observed period. AAPC = For full period, presented Average Annual Percent Change. Source: Global Burden of Disease estimates [8].