Table 1.
Interventional clinical trials assessing perioperative immunotherapy in cancer patients according to https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (accessed on 14 April 2023).
| Interventions | Period | Specific Timing |
Title | Status | Conditions | Phase | Trial Identifier |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Combination product: MVA-BN-Brachyury and Atezolizumab | IPP | Three weeks before and after surgery (on average) | Perioperative With MVA-BN-Brachyury and PROSTVAC For Intermediate-Risk And High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer | Withdrawn | Prostate adenocarcinoma | 2 | NCT04020094 |
| 2 | Drug: QBECO Drug: Placebo |
IPP | Days before surgery and 6 weeks after | A Study of QBECO Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer That Has Spread to the Liver | Not yet recruiting | Colorectal cancer Liver metastases |
2 | NCT05677113 |
| 3 | Drug: M7824; drug: M9241; radiation: SBRT |
IPP | 0–2 weeks before surgery | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor M7824 and the Immunocytokine M9241 in Combination With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in Adults With Advanced Pancreas Cancer | Terminated | Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic neoplasms Metastatic pancreatic cancer |
1| 2 | NCT04327986 |
| 4 | Drug: Ipilimumab Drug: Nivolumab Procedure: core biopsy/cryoablation Procedure: breast surgery |
IPP | 1–2 weeks before surgery and 2 weeks after | Peri-Operative Ipilimumab + Nivolumab and Cryoablation in Women With Triple-negative Breast Cancer | Recruiting | Breast cancer | 2 | NCT03546686 |
| 5 | Drug: Histamine Dihydrochloride (HDC) Drug: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) |
IPP | Two weeks daily up to surgery and continuing three days after for a week | Histamine Dihydrochloride and Interleukin-2 in Primary Resectable Pancreatic Cancer | Not yet recruiting | Pancreatic cancer metastasis |
2 | NCT05810792 |
| 6 | Drug: Sintilimab injection Drug: TACE Radiation: radiotherapy |
IPP | Up to 3 weeks before surgery and 4 weeks after | Perioperative Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Terminated | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 2 | NCT04653389 |
| 7 | Drug: Camrelizumab Drug: Apatinib Mesylate Procedure: postoperative TACE Procedure: radical surgery Procedure: preoperative TACE |
IPP | 1 week before surgery at most and 4–8 weeks after | Camrelizumab Combined With Apatinib Mesylate and TACE in the Perioperative Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Recruiting | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 3 | NCT05613478 |
| 8 | Drug: Camrelizumab Drug: Apatinib Mesylate Procedure: TACE treatment Procedure: radical surgery |
IPP | 2–4 weeks before surgery and 4 weeks after surgery | Camrelizumab Combined With Apatinib Mesylate for Perioperative Treatment of Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Recruiting | Hepatocellular carcinoma Molecular-targeted therapy |
N/A | NCT04521153 |
| 9 | Drug: Nivolumab Drug: Ipilimumab |
N/S | Immunotherapy in Patients With Early dMMR Rectal Cancer | Not yet recruiting | Cancer of the rectum | 2 | NCT05732389 | |
| 10 | Drug: Nivolumab Drug: Relatlimab |
N/S | Feasibility and Efficacy of Perioperative Nivolumab With or Without Relatlimab for Patients With Potentially Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) | Recruiting | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 1 | NCT04658147 | |
| 11 | Drug: nab-paclitaxel AUC = 2 and carboplatin 80 mg/m2 Drug: camrelizumab 200 mg Procedure: radiotherapy |
Non-IPP | Camrelizumab Combined With Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Resectable Locally Advanced ESCC | Not yet recruiting | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | 2 | NCT05650216 | |
| 12 | Drug: Penpulimab Drug: Anlotinib Hydrochloride Drug: Cadonilimab Drug: chemotherapy |
Non-IPP | 6–9 weeks before surgery | An Exploratory Study of Immunotherapy Combined With Anlotinib and Chemotherapy in Perioperative Treatment of LAGC | Not yet recruiting | Gastric cancer | N/A | NCT05800080 |
| 13 | Drug: Pembrolizumab | Non-IPP | Six weeks prior | Immunotherapy in MSI/dMMR Tumors in Perioperative Setting. | Recruiting | MSI/dMMR or EBV-positive gastric cancers | 2 | NCT04795661 |
| 14 | Drug: Recombinant intravesical BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guֳ©rin VPM1002BC); drug: Atezolizumab; drug: Cisplatin; drug: Gemcitabine |
Non-IPP | 7–11 weeks before surgery and 4 weeks after | Intravesical Recombinant BCG Followed by Perioperative Chemo-immunotherapy for Patients With MIBC | Suspended | Bladder Cancer | 2 | NCT04630730 |
| 15 | Drug: sintilimab Drug: anlotinib |
Non-IPP | At least 4–6 weeks before and 3 weeks after surgery | Sintilimab Combined With Anlotinib for Perioperative Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Based on MRD Evaluation | Recruiting | Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer | 2 | NCT05460195 |
| 16 | Drug: XELOX or SOX Drug: JS001 + XELOX or SOX | Non-IPP | Five weeks before surgery and five weeks after | Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophagogastric Junction and Gastric Cancer Trial | Recruiting | Gastric cancer; stomach neoplasm | 2 | NCT04744649 |
| 17 | Drug: Toripalimab | Non-IPP | 6–8 weeks before surgery and 4–6 weeks after | Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Combined With Perioperative Toripalimab in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer | Recruiting | Advanced esophageal squamous cell Cancer | 2 | NCT04437212 |
| 18 | Drug: Camrelizumab; drug: Oxaliplatin; drug: S1 | Non-IPP | 3–9 weeks before surgery | Efficacy and Safety of Perioperative Chemotherapy Plus PD-1 Antibody in Gastric Cancer | Unknown status | Gastric cancer | 2 | NCT04367025 |
| 19 | Drug: Nivolumab and Ipilimumab; other: chemotherapy | Non-IPP | Postoperative Immunotherapy vs Standard Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer With High Risk for Recurrence (VESTIGE) | Active, not recruiting | Gastric and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma | 2 | NCT03443856 | |
| 20 | Drug: nivolumab 4.5 mg/kg + Paclitaxel (albumin-bound-type) 260 mg/m2+ Carboplatin AUC5 | Non-IPP | Seven weeks before surgery (extrapolated from outcome measures) | Clinical Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Combined With Probiotics in Patients With Potential/Resectable NSCLC | Active, not recruiting | Non-small-cell lung cancer stage III | 1 | NCT04699721 |
| 21 | Drug: teripalimab plus chemotherapy; drug: chemotherapy plus teripalimab | Non-IPP | 8–10 weeks before surgery | Teripalimab Plus Chemotherapy in Local Advanced Esophageal Cancer | Unknown status | Squamous cell carcinoma esophageal cancer | 2 | NCT03985670 |
| 22 | Drug: Atezolizumab Procedure: conventional surgery Drug: Fluorouracil Drug: Oxaliplatin |
Non-IPP | 6–8 weeks before surgery and 6 weeks after | Atezolizumab, Oxaliplatin, and Fluorouracil in Treating Patients With Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Cancer | Recruiting | Esophageal; gastroesophageal junction; adenocarcinoma AJCC | 2 | NCT03784326 |
| 23 | Drug: Lenvatinib; drug: Lenvatinib Mesylate; drug: Pembrolizumab | Non-IPP | At least 4 weeks before surgery | Perioperative Lenvatinib With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Locally Advanced Nonmetastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | Recruiting | Kidney cancer Renal cell cancer | 2 | NCT04393350 |
| 24 | Drug: Tislelizumab; drug: pemetrexed; drug: cis-platinum; or drug: carboplatin | Non-IPP | 7–9 weeks before surgery | A Single-arm Exploratory Study of Neoadjuvant Therapy | Recruiting | Non-small-cell lung cancer | N/A | NCT05527808 |
| 25 | Drug: Durvalumab; drug: Tremelimumab; drug: Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy | Non-IPP | Twelve weeks before surgery | Durvalumab (MEDI4736) and TREmelimumab in NEOadjuvant Bladder Cancer Patients (DUTRENEO) | Completed | Bladder cancer | 2 | NCT03472274 |
| 26 | Drug: Axitinib (VEGF-TKI); procedure: cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN); procedure: metastasectomy (MET); biological: Pembrolizumab | Non-IPP | 5–6 weeks before surgery and 3–6 weeks after | Pembrolizumab With or Without Axitinib for Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Clear Cell Kidney Cancer in Patients Undergoing Surgery | Recruiting | Metastatic/recurrent clear-cell renal cell carcinoma; renal cell cancer | 2 | NCT04370509 |
| 27 | Drug: Nivolumab 10 MG/ML; drug: Ipilimumab 200 MG in a 40 ML injection | Non-IPP | Seven weeks before surgery and four weeks after | Peri-operative Association of Immunotherapy (Pre-operative Association of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab, Post-operative Nivolumab Alone) in Localized Microsatellite Instability (MSI) and/or Deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR) Oeso-gastric Adenocarcinoma | Recruiting | Localized esogastric adenocarcinoma; MSI and or dMMR | 2 | NCT04006262 |
| 28 | Drug: Nivolumab; drug: carboplatin; drug: nab-paclitaxel | Non-IPP | Eight weeks before and two weeks after surgery | A Two-arm (Phase 2) Exploratory Study of Nivolumab Monotherapy or in Combination With Nab-paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Early Stage NSCLC in China | Recruiting | Non Small Cell Lung Cancer | 2 | NCT04015778 |
| 29 | Drug: neoadjuvant radiation plus SOX and PD-1 antibody | Non-IPP | 5 weeks before surgery and 3–8 weeks after | Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma | Not yet recruiting | Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction | 2 | NCT05505461 |
| 30 | Drug: Tirelizumab; drug: Paclitaxel; drug: Carboplatin; radiation: neoadjuvant radiotherapy | Non-IPP | 7–9 weeks before surgery | Selected Chemotherapy Combined Immunotherapy Treated High Risk Patient After NCRT in Resected Locally Advanced ESCC | Recruiting | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | 2 | NCT05189730 |
| 31 | Drug: Toripalimab; radiation: stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) | Non-IPP | 6–9 weeks before surgery (after unknown) | Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Combined With Toripalimab for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Not yet recruiting | Locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | 2 | NCT05861557 |
| 32 | Drug: camrelizumab; drug: Paclitaxel for injection (albumin-bound); drug: Cisplatin | Non-IPP | Nine weeks before surgery | Efficacy of Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade Plus Chemotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Completed | Esophageal squamous cell Carcinoma | 2 | NCT04225364 |
| 33 | Drug: Carillizumab; procedure: esophagectomy; other: samples | Non-IPP | 4–6 weeks before surgery | Carrelizumab, Chemotherapy and Apatinib in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Active, not recruiting | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | 2 | NCT04666090 |
| 34 | Drug: Nivolumab; drug: relatlimab; drug: Oxaliplatin; drug: Docetaxel; drug: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU); drug: folic acid (FA) | Not described | Perioperative Immunotherapy vs. Chemo-immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced GC and AEG | Active, not recruiting | Gastric cancer esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma | 2 | NCT04062656 | |
| 35 | Combination product: Toripalimab combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel; combination product: placebo combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel | Not described | Perioperative Toripalimab (JS001) Combined With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Resectable Locally Advanced Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Recruiting | Resectable locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | 3 | NCT04848753 | |
| 36 | Drug: neoadjuvant immunotherapy; drug: neoadjuvant chemotherapy | Not described | Effect of Neoadjuvant Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy on Perioperative Analgesia and Postoperative Delirium | Recruiting | NSCLC | N/A | NCT05273827 | |
| 37 | Drug: Atezolizumab; drug: Capecitabine; drug: Docetaxel; drug: Fluorouracil; drug: Leucovorin Calcium; drug: Oxaliplatin; procedure: positron emission tomography; procedure: surgical procedure | Not described | Testing Immunotherapy (Atezolizumab) With or Without Chemotherapy in Locoregional MSI-H/dMMR Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Cancer | Not yet recruiting | Stage I-II-III-IVA—localized gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma AJCC v8 | 2 | NCT05836584 | |
| 38 | Procedure: surgery | Not described | Safety and Feasibility of Surgery After Conversion Therapy for Locally Advanced and Advanced NSCLC | Recruiting | Pulmonary Neoplasm|Advanced Cancer|Locally Advanced Cancer | N/A | NCT04945928 | |
| 39 | Drug: Oxaliplatin; drug: Tegafur–Gimeracil–Oteracil; drug: Sintilimab; radiation: concurrent chemoradiation; procedure: D2/R0 gastrectomy | Not described | Perioperative Chemoimmunotherapy With/Without Preoperative Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer | Recruiting | Stomach neoplasms; esophagogastric junction disorder | 2 | NCT05161572 | |
| 40 | Drug: Oxaliplatin; drug: SOX neoadjuvant; drug: Sintilimab neoadjuvant; procedure: gastrectomy plus D2 lymph node dissection; drug: SOX adjuvant; drug: Sintilimab adjuvant | Not described | Transarterial Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy vs. Traditional Intravenous Chemotherapy For Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer With SOX + PD-1 | Recruiting | Locally advanced gastric carcinoma | 3 | NCT05593458 | |
| 41 | Drug: Toripalimab; drug: Docetaxel; drug: Fluorouracil; drug: Leucovorin; drug: Oxaliplatin | Not described | Toripalimab Combined With FLOT —Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Resectable Gastric Cancer | Recruiting | Gastric cancer | Phase 2 | NCT04354662 | |
| 42 | Drug: Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody JS001; drug: chemotherapy | Not described | The Efficacy of JS001 Combined With Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Colon Cancer | Recruiting | Colonic neoplasms | 1|2 | NCT03985891 | |
| 43 | Procedure: Hepatectomy Drug: Pembrolizumab Drug: Vactosertib | Not described | Preoperative Immunotherapy (Pembrolizumab) for Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Resectable Hepatic Metastases | Recruiting | Metastatic malignant neoplasm in the liver; stage IV colorectal cancer | 2 | NCT03844750 | |
| 44 | Drug: Serplilumab; drug: Capecitabine; drug: Oxaliplatin; drug: Celecoxib | Not described | Serplulimab Combined With CAPEOX + Celecoxib as Neoadjuvant Treatment for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer | Recruiting | pMMR|MSS|MSI-L|locally advanced rectal carcinoma | 2 | NCT05731726 | |
| 45 | Drug: Nivolumab; drug: Ipilimumab | Not described | A Study of Immunotherapy Drugs Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients w/Resectable Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma | Active, not recruiting | Mesothelioma|peritoneal mesothelioma | 2 | NCT05041062 | |
| 46 | Drug: Tislelizumab; drug: gemcitabine and cisplatin; radiation: modified hypofractionation | Not described | Risk-stratification Based Bladder-sparing Modalities for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer | Recruiting | Bladder cancer | 2 | NCT05531123 | |
| 47 | Drug: neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus COX inhibitor; drug: neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor | Not described | Toripalimab With or Without Celecoxib as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Resectable dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer | Recruiting | Colorectal cancer, dMMR, and MSI-H | 1|2 | NCT03926338 | |
| 48 | Drug: Durvalumab Drug: Tremelimumab Drug: Enfortumab Vedotin Procedure: Radical Cystectomy | Not described | Treatment Combination of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab and Enfortumab Vedotin or Durvalumab and Enfortumab Vedotin in Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Ineligible to Cisplatin or Who Refuse Cisplatin | Recruiting | Muscle-invasive bladder cancer | 3 | NCT04960709 | |
| 49 | Drug: Nivolumab | Not described | Pre-operative Immunotherapy in Stage II-III Urothelial Cancer | Active, not recruiting | Urothelial carcinoma | 1 | NCT04871594 | |
| 50 | Drug: camrelizumab; drug: albumin paclitaxel; drug: cisplatin | Not described | A Study of Perioperative Camrelizumab Combined With Chemotherapy in Patients With Resectable ESCC | Recruiting | Esophageal cancer | 2 | NCT05182944 | |
| 51 | Drug: Tislelizumab | Not described | Neoadjuvant PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Locally Advanced Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma | Unknown status | Locally advanced upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma | 2 | NCT04672330 | |
| 52 | Drug: Carboplatin; drug: Ipilimumab; drug: Nivolumab; drug: Paclitaxel; procedure: positron emission tomography and radiation therapy | Not described | Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Surgery | Suspended | Esophageal/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma AJCC v8 stage II-III-IVA | 2|3 | NCT03604991 | |
| 53 | Drug: PD-1 antibody combined with FOLFIRINOX regimen; drug: PD-1 antibody combined with SOX program | Not described | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor PD-1 Antibody Combined With Chemotherapy in the Perioperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Resectable Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma | Recruiting | Locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma | 2 | NCT04908566 | |
| 54 | Drug: sintilimab; drug: Trastuzumab; drug: S-1 plus oxaliplatin | Not described | SOX Combined With Sintilimab and Trastuzumab Versus SOX Regimen in the Perioperative Treatment of HER2-positive Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma | Not yet recruiting | HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma | 2 | NCT05218148 | |
| 55 | Drug: Serplulimab, Albumin paclitaxel, and carboplatin AUC = 5; procedure: esophagectomy | Not described | Serplulimab Combined With Chemotherapy in Patients With Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Recruiting | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | 2 | NCT05659251 | |
| 56 | Drug: PD-1 antibody; drug: Capecitabine; drug: Oxaliplatin radiotherapy | Not described | The Combination of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer | Not yet recruiting | Recurrent rectal cancer | 2 | NCT05628038 | |
| 57 | Drug: neoadjuvant PD-L1 inhibitor | Not described | Envafolimab as Neoadjuvant Immuntherapy in Resectable Local Advanced dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer | Recruiting | Colorectal cancer, dMMR, and MSI-H | 2 | NCT05371197 |
Clinical studies according to search results of the keywords “cancer” and “perioperative immunotherapy” in the past five years (since 1 January 2018) on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (accessed on 14 April 2023).