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. 2023 Aug 17;9(8):662. doi: 10.3390/gels9080662

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Formation and mechanism of the TM/PC hydrogel in TBI. (a) PPS120 switched from a hydrophobic polymer to the more hydrophilic poly (propylene sulfone)120 and poly (propylene sulfoxide)120 in the ROS environment. (b) TM could be degraded by MMPs. (c) Schematic illustration of TM/PC hydrogel preparation procedures and degradation process under MMP and ROS environment. (d) In situ injection of TM/PC hydrogels within the post-surgery TBI. (e) Without hydrogel treatment, neuronal death and severe neuroinflammation were observed, and the secondary injury was aggravated. Copyright permission from Qian et al. [101], Biomaterials, 2021.