Table 3.

Data regarding Hydrogen Sulfide and Non-Coding RNAs in Neurodegenerative diseases.

Ref.	Title	Pathology	Extracted Data Regarding Epigenetics	Major Outcome
[146]	Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Angiogenesis by Regulating the Transcription of pri-miR-126 in Diabetic Endothelial Cells	Parkinson’s disease	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that modulate various cellular processes, including angiogenesis. Specific miRNAs, such as miR-126-3p, regulate angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells. H2S is involved in miRNA transcription regulation, and the interplay between H2S and miRNAs is critical in cardiovascular disease pathophysiology. H2S has been shown to decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis and impact Parkinson’s disease through miRNA regulation.	miRNAs such as miR-126-3p regulate angiogenesis—connected to PD
[75]	Regulating of LncRNA2264/ miR-20b-5p/IL17RD axis on hydrogen sulfide exposure-induced inflammation in broiler thymus by activating MYD88/NF-κB pathway	Neurodegenerative disorders	lncRNA2264/miR-20b-5p/IL17RD axis was identified as part of the H2S-induced thymic inflammatory response. NcRNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, can be potential biomarkers of environmental chemical exposure. In this study, lncRNA-sequencing revealed differentially expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs in the H2S-exposed group compared to the control group. Notably, lncRNA2264 showed significant downregulation, and it was identified as a molecular sponge for miR-20b-5p. MiR-20b-5p, which plays a role in immune cell function and inflammation, was significantly increased after H2S exposure.	NcRNAs, including miR-20b-5p and lncRNA2264, were identified as part of the H2S-induced thymic inflammatory response.
[153]	Overview on hydrogen sulfide-mediated suppression of vascular calcification and hemoglobin/heme-mediated vascular damage in atherosclerosis	Neurodegenerative disorders	Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNAs), are implicated in atherosclerosis development and are linked to H2S pathways. H2S influences histone modifications, enhancing SIRT1 activity to reduce endothelial inflammation and foam cell formation, potentially reducing atherosclerotic plaque development. Targeting these epigenetic regulatory checkpoints holds promise for atherosclerosis therapy.	H2S-mediated epigenetic changes may alleviate atherosclerosis by modulating SIRT1 activity.
[154]	The emerging role of long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases: A perspective of machine learning	Neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s Huntington’s diseases	Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) exhibit similar early symptoms, making their timely detection and differentiation crucial. Dysregulation of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs is associated with NDs, highlighting their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Machine learning can effectively classify non-coding RNA expression profiles between healthy and affected individuals, aiding in accurate ND diagnosis with accuracy rates of 85% to 95%. Artificial intelligence offers a promising approach to enhance clinical diagnosis and early disease identification based on non-coding RNAs.	ncRNAs, potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases, and machine learning improve ND diagnosis based on ncRNA expression.