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SPM reverses LPS-induced damage. (a) Viability of HaCaT cells assessed using MTT assay after 24 h exposure to varying concentrations of LPS (0, 10, 25, or 50 μg/mL). (b) Viability of HaCaT after exposure to LPS (0, 25, or 50 μg/mL) followed by treatment with 20% SPM. Error bars represent the mean ± SD. N = 3 biological replicates. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001, as determined via One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
