Figure 2.

Volcano plots of gene expression profiles of mosquitoes that survived insecticide exposure compared to the susceptible laboratory strain (ROCK). The level of gene expression is plotted in the x-axis as the log₂ fold change, and the significance the statistical test is plotted in the y-axis as -log₁₀ of the corrected p-value (−log₁₀FDR values greater than 50 are displayed as 30). The panels include gene expression profiles compared to ROCK for Isabela malathion (I-MAL), Manatí malathion (M-MAL), Isabela alpha-cypermethrin (I-ACYP), Manatí alpha-cypermethrin (M-ACYP), Isabela lambda-cyhalothrin (I-LCT), and Manatí lambda-cyhalothrin (M-LCT). Detoxification gene families are denoted in red (COE: carboxylesterases), blue (CYP: cytochrome P450s), and black (GST: glutathione-S-transferases). Cuticular proteins (CP) are shown in green, salivary gland proteins (SGP) in cyan, odorant binding proteins (OBP) in violet, and odorant receptor genes in orange. In each plot, genes overexpressed in the resistant groups have a log₂FC > 0. The vertical dotted lines indicate two-fold change expression differences, and the horizontal lines indicate an FDR of 0.01.