AE COPD	acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
ALT	alanine transaminase
ASMI	appendicular skeletal muscle mass index
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
AWGS	Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia
BIA	bioelectrical impedance analysis
BMI	body mass index
BODE	body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise
CAT	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test
CCI	Charlson’s comorbidity index
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
DEXA	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
EWGSOP	European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People
EWGSOP2	European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People of 2018
FEF25–75%	forced mid-expiratory flow
FEV1	Forced expiratory volume in the first second
FFM	fat-free mass
FFMI	fat-free mass index
FMI	fat mass index
FVC	forced vital capacity
GLI 2012	Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 (GLI 2012)
HGS	handgrip strength
ICU	intensive care unit
mMRC	modified Medical Research Council
SMM	skeletal muscle mass
SMMI	skeletal muscle mass index
RM-ANOVA	repeated measures analysis of variance
TSMI	truncal skeletal muscle mass index