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. 2023 Aug 10;12(16):5217. doi: 10.3390/jcm12165217

Figure 1.

Figure 1

I NEED HELP, a simple mnemonic to remember the “red flags” for the patient’s referral to an advanced heart failure center. I: Previous or ongoing requirement of inotropes or inodilators. N: NYHA class III-IV, high natriuretic plasma levels, E: worsening kidney or liver function due to heart failure, E: left ventricular ejection fraction <20%, D: recurrent appropriate defibrillator shocks, H: 2 or more episodes of worsening heart failure, E: persisting fluid overload and/or increasing diuretic requirement, L: systolic blood pressure persistently <90–100 mm Hg, P: intolerance to disease-modifying drugs.