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. 2023 Aug 11;12(16):5226. doi: 10.3390/jcm12165226

Table 2.

Cardiometabolic parameters of the three groups at follow-up screening.

HA-HA
(n = 53)
HA-NA
(n = 32)
NA-NA
(n = 35)
p-Value Adjusted p-Value
Age (years) 46.9 (45.5–49.2) 47.4 (46.9–49.7) 47.6 (46.6–50.6) 0.20 0.51
BMI (kg/m2) 30.1 (25.7–35.6) 30.1 (26.1–34.2) 24.1 (22.1–28.7) <0.01 2,3 -
Delta BMI (kg/m2) 2.4 (0.7–5.5) 2.1 (−2.6–5.0) 2.0 (0.3–3.3) 0.80 -
Waist (cm) * 98.0 (88.5–109.0) 96.0 (84.0–107.0) 89.0 (80.3–96.3) <0.05 2,3 0.38
Hip (cm) * 101.0 (101.0–117.0) 112.0 (103.0–117.0) 104.5 (98.8–111.3) 0.18 0.45
Waist/Hip ratio * 0.9 (0.9–1.0) 0.9 (0.8–0.9) 0.8 (0.8–0.9) <0.01 2 0.25
Physical activity (hours per week) * 22.8 (13.9–30.0) 20.5 (16.3–43.8) 21.8 (13.3–29.3) 0.79 0.82
Systolic BP (mm Hg) 130.0 (120.0–140.0) 127.5 (120.0–140.0) 120.0 (110.0–130.0) <0.01 2,3 0.19
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) 85.0 (80.0–95.0) 80.0 (75.0–90.0) 80.0 (70.0–85.0) <0.05 2 0.16
Hypertension 28 (53.8) 17 (53.1) 5 (14.3) <0.01 2,3 <0.05 2,3
Antihypertensive medication 12 (23.5) 5 (15.6) 1 (2.9) <0.05 2 0.07
Prevalent CVD 1 (1.9) 1 (3.1) 1 (2.9) 0.93 0.67
Lipid lowering medication 4 (7.5) 3 (9.4) 0 (0.0) 0.20 0.30
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) * 5.2 (4.3–5.9) 5.40 (4.2–6.2) 5.2 (4.6–5.8) 0.76 0.64
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) * 1.4 (1.1–1.6) 1.5 (1.2–1.7) 1.82 (1.52–2.3) <0.01 2,3 <0.01 2
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) * 3.2 (2.6–4.1) 3.7 (2.5–4.2) 2.99 (2.7–3.6) 0.60 0.729
Triglycerides (mmol/L) * 1.0 (0.8–1.9) 1.1 (0.9–1.5) 0.85 (0.6–1.1) <0.01 2,3 0.18
Dyslipidemia * 31 (60.8) 21 (65.6) 13 (38.2) 0.05 0.16
Androstenedione (nmol/L) 2.9 (2.1–4.2) 2.5 (2.0–3.0) 2.6 (1.8–3.6) 0.13 0.02 2
Testosterone (nmol/L) 1.1 (0.7–1.3) 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 0.7 (0.6–1.0) <0.01 1,2 <0.01 1,2
FAI 2.7 (1.4–3.2) 1.8 (0.9–2.3) 1.2 (0.8–1.5) <0.01 1,2 <0.01 1,2
NT-pro-BNP (>15 pmol/L) 5.0 (3.0–9.0) 6.0 (3.0–12.0) 6.0 (4.0–8.5) 0.81 0.72
Insulin (pmol/L) 92.0 (52.0–161.0) 95.0 (46.0–146.0) 66.0 (45.0–95.0) <0.05 2 0.34
Glucose (mmol/L) 5.5 (5.1–5.9) 5.1 (4.8–5.6) 5.30 (4.9–5.5) 0.13 0.47
Diabetes 7 (13.2) 2 (6.3) 1 (2.9) 0.20 0.24
Metabolic syndrome (NCEP definition) * 16 (37.2) 10 (35.7) 3 (8.6) <0.05 2,3 0.12

HA-HA: women who were hyperandrogenic at initial screening and at follow-up screening; HA-NA: women who were hyperandrogenic at initial screening and normoandrogenic at follow-up screening; NA-NA: women with PCOS who were normoandrogenic at initial screening and at follow-up screening. Values are presented as medians (interquartile range) or as numbers (percentages). The adjusted p-value was adjusted for BMI. BMI: body mass index; Delta BMI: difference in BMI between initial screening and follow-up screening; BP: blood pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density protein; FAI: free androgen index. 1 Significant difference between the HA-HA and HA-NA groups after Bonferroni correction. 2 Significant difference between the HA-HA and NA-NA groups after Bonferroni correction. 3 Significant difference between the HA-NA and NA-NA groups after Bonferroni correction. * Waist and hip circumference were missing for 11 women (n = 6 in the HA-HA group, n = 3 in the HA-NA group, and n = 2 in the NA-NA group). Physical activity was missing for 23 patients. Lipid levels were missing for 3 women (n = 2 in the HA-HA group and n = 1 in the NA-NA group). Metabolic syndrome was missing for 16 women (n = 10 in the HA-HA group, n = 4 in the HA-NA group, and n = 2 in the NA-NA group).