Table 1.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Subjects
| Parameters | Patients with MRD (n = 235) | Healthy Individuals (n = 92) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age (year) | 60.3 ± 7.5 | 59.4 ± 6.8 | 0.317 |
| Sex (male; n, %) | 132 (56.2) | 49 (53.3) | 0.631 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 3.6 | 22.9 ± 3.2 | 0.243 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 125.3 ± 12.1 | 121.2 ± 9.5 | 0.004 |
| Current smoking (n, %) | 54 (22.9) | 20 (21.7) | 0.815 |
| Lipocalin | |||
| LCN2 (ng/mL) | 165.3 (92.5–241.0) | 67.5 (57.3–132.8) | < 0.001 |
| Elevated LCN2 (n, %) | 137 (58.3) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| cLCN2 (ng/mL) | 146.2 (71.3–192.5) | 67.5 (57.3–132.8) | < 0.001 |
| Percent difference (%)* | 12.5 ± 8.4 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 |
| Iron profiles | |||
| sTfR (mg/L) | 2.54 ± 1.86 | 1.32 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 |
| Serum iron (µg/dL) | 36.9 ± 28.1 | 64.3 ± 41.2 | < 0.001 |
| TS (%) | 19.7 ± 13.6 | 28.1 ± 17.4 | < 0.001 |
| Serum ferritin (ng/mL) | 51.4 (20.1–187.2) | 65.3 (41.7–152.8) | 0.047 |
| Renal parameters | |||
| EPO (IU/L) | 10.5 (4.2–16.3) | 14.3 (5.6–19.1) | 0.015 |
| Estimated CrCl (mL/min) | 70.1 ± 8.6 | 93.2 ± 4.5 | < 0.001 |
| Hematologic parameters | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 ± 1.8 | 14.9 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
| Anemia (n, %) | 51 (21.7) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Inflammatory parameters | |||
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.26 (0.13–2.14) | 0.09 (0.04–0.25) | < 0.001 |
| Elevated hsCRP (n, %) | 82 (34.9) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| cESR (mm/h) | 14.3 ± 12.1 | 8.7 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or frequency (%). *Percent difference between LCN2 and cLCN2.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LCN2, lipocalin-2; cLCN2, corrected lipocalin-2; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; TS, transferrin saturation; EPO, erythropoietin; CrCl, creatinine clearance; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; cESR, corrected erythrocyte sedimentation rate; MRD, mild renal dysfunction.