Figure 4.

Dependencies for mandible samples: (a) dependence of marginal bone loss on tobacco smoking after the dental implant insertion after 5 years of observation. Higher marginal bone loss was observed in the tobacco smoker group; (b) dependence of the Corticalization Index on tobacco smoking 5 years after implant insertion—there was no statistical difference; (c) dependence of implant loss on marginal bone loss 5 years after functional loading—the higher the marginal bone loss, the higher probability of implant loss; (d) frequency of implant loss depending on the smoker or non-smoker group—the higher frequency was in the smoker group.