Mechanisms of immunotherapy. From left to right, in a recruitment phase cytokines, TLR-9 agonists, STING agonists, etc, induce IFN-y release locally leading to dendritic cell recruitment and activation in the tumor region. In the middle, priming phase, these dendritic cells activate T-cells, and where anti- CTLA-4 antibodies block T-cell and dendritic cell inhibitory signals, allow activation. Subsequently PD-1 agonists inhibit inhibitory signals from the tumor cells. Created with BioRender.com.