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. 2023 Jul 28;14(8):1520. doi: 10.3390/mi14081520

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Figure 6

Examples of different microfluidic devices proposed for heavy metal ions detection: (A) An electrochemical sensor (FFSSE) combined with a 3D-PTLFC for Pb2+ detection. Reproduced with permission from reference [72]. (B) Schematic representation of a lab-on-chip device consisting of a 3D-printed microfluidic device and an EG sensor for Pb2+ detection. Reproduced with permission from reference [75]. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. (C) (a,b) Images of an autonomous vehicle for Pb2+ detection in surface water and (c) illustration of the main parts of the microfluidic device of the particular system. Reproduced with permission from reference [78]. (D) The detection system for Pb2+ monitoring in tap water using a device comprising of DMF platform and an electrochemical sensor. Reproduced with permission from reference [79]. (E) The measurement set up for Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 detection using a microfluidic device. Reproduced with permission from reference [81]. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY-NC-ND license.