Table 1.

Materials used for membrane modification.

Materials for Membrane Modification	Advantages
Membrane modified with polyethylene glycol	Arrest adsorption process [15], hydrophobicity [16]
Polyglycerol with polydopamine (PDA) coatings	Antifouling and resistance to bacterial adhesion [17]
PSF then poly(arylene ether ketone) membranes are altered with chlorosulfonic acid, chloromethylation, sulfuric acid, etc.	Attachment of hydrophilic group, anticoagulant antibacterial [18,19]
Poly(4-vinylpyridine-coethylene glycol diacrylate) deposition on RO membrane	Reduced bacterial attachment [20]
Thin film composite polyamide membrane improved with amine terminated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone).	Hydrophilic group on membrane surface [21]
Metal organic framework (MOFs)	Heat resistance, high surface area, permeable with enhanced flow rate [22]
Zwitterionic chemical based modification	Fouling control [23]
Polydopamine coating on polypropylene membrane	Reduce the waster contact angle by 110° to 67° and improve hydrophilicity of membrane [24]
Inorganic nanoparticles such as SiO2, TiO2, ZnO reinforced in polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol	Enhanced performance of membrane and its antibacterial activities [25]