| BR | butadiene rubber. |
| CTAB | cetyltrimetilammonium bromide. |
| FSA | hexafluorosilic acid. |
| GO | graphene oxide. |
| MB | methylene blue dye. |
| NPs | nanoparticles. |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol. |
| RT | room temperature. |
| SSA | specific surface area. |
| SBR | styrene butadiene rubber. |
| TEOS | tetraethyl orthosilicate. |
| TMSO | tetramethyl orthosilicate |