Table 3.

Associations between speech variables and self-harm with and without suicidal intent, with adjustments for other variables (n = 3,824).

Model	Omnibus test for variable	Self-harm without suicidal intent versus no self-harm			Self-harm with suicidal intent versus no self-harm			Self-harm with suicidal intent versus self-harm without suicidal intent
	p value	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
Stutter
Model 1	.228	0.89	[0.47, 1.69]	.731	0.29	[0.07, 1.20]	.089	0.33	[0.07, 1.50]	.150
Model 2	.409	1.24	[0.64, 2.39]	.520	0.44	[0.11, 1.83]	.260	0.36	[0.08, 1.64]	.185
Model 3	.328	0.86	[0.44, 1.68]	.654	0.34	[0.08, 1.45]	.145	0.40	[0.09, 1.84]	.239
Model 4	.277	0.92	[0.47, 1.81]	.812	0.30	[0.07, 1.31]	.109	0.33	[0.07, 1.53]	.157
Final model	.500	1.10	[0.54, 2.27]	.787	0.42	[0.09, 2.00]	.277	0.38	[0.08, 1.91]	.241
SSD
Model 1	.044	1.03	[0.59, 1.78]	.929	2.04	[1.16, 3.57]	.013	1.99	[0.95, 4.14]	.067
Model 2	.010	1.26	[0.71, 2.22]	.426	2.44	[1.37, 4.34]	.002	1.94	[0.92, 4.06]	.080
Model 3	.068	1.10	[0.62, 1.96]	.739	2.06	[1.11, 3.83]	.022	1.87	[0.88, 4.00]	.105
Model 4	.080	1.11	[0.62, 2.00]	.723	2.04	[1.09, 3.80]	.025	1.83	[0.87, 3.88]	.113
Final model	.020	1.43	[0.78, 2.64]	.248	2.57	[1.31, 5.03]	.006	1.79	[0.82, 3.91]	.145

Note. Model 1: Stutter and SSD variables only. Model 2: Stutter, SSD, gender, equivalized income, parental social class, mother's education. Model 3: Stutter, SSD, total IQ, body dissatisfaction, Arnett intensity subscale, Arnett novelty subscale, depressive symptoms (SMFQ score 11+), DAWBA depression, DAWBA anxiety, alcohol (heavy drinking), cannabis (occasional), smoking (weekly). Model 4: Stutter, SSD, childhood sexual abuse, cruelty to children in household, being bullied. Final model: All variables listed in the previous models. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; SSD = speech sound disorder; SMFQ = short mood and feelings questionnaire; DAWBA = development and well-being assessment.