Table 2. The assessment of quality for observational studies is conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist tool.

Authors and year of publication	Were the two groups similar and recruited from the same population?	Were the exposures measured similarly to assign people to both exposed and unexposed groups?	Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?	Were the confounding factors identified?	Were the strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?	Were the groups/participants free of the outcome at the start of the study (or at the time of exposure)?	Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?	Was the follow-up time reported sufficient to be long enough for outcomes to occur?	Was the follow-up complete, and if not, were the reasons for loss to follow-up described and explored?	Were strategies to address incomplete follow-up utilized?
Andreea et al. 2023 [11]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Chesterman et al. 2020 [12]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
D'Andrea et al. 2023 [13]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Han et al. 2021 [15]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Joshi et al. 2021 [16]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Kubota et al. 2022 [17]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Lopaschuk et al. 2020 [18]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Mascolo et al. 2022 [19]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Salah et al. 2022 [20]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Tsai et al. 2022 [21]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Udell et al. 2022 [22]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Yang et al. 2020 [23]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Zhang et al. 2018 [25]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Pabel et al. 2021 [26]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Gager et al. 2021 [27]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Das et al. 2021 [28]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes
Dyck et al. 2022 [29]	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes