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. 2023 Apr 25;20(4):1109–1119. doi: 10.1007/s13311-023-01372-6

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© The American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Inc. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 1 — Study design. For VIM-DBS patients (upper panel, left part), assessments were performed first ON-VIM DBS, then after ceasing VIM-DBS for 3 h (OFF DBS/baseline). In the OFF-DBS condition, sham-tACS was applied for 10 min followed by active-cerebellar tACS for 10 min. Patients were assessed during sham-tACS, during active-tACS and at 0, 20 and 40 min following current offset. The same protocol was applied for the patients not previously operated for VIM-DBS, i.e. No-DBS Group (lower panel, left part). We measured tremor amplitude using kinematic arm recordings using the VICON® 3D motion capture system with 29 reflective markers positioned bilaterally on the arms, head and trunk during posture holding and action with the 'nose-to-target' task (right part, lower and upper panels, respectively)