Table 1.
Characteristics of studies.
| ID | Study | Country | Language | Study design | Participant | Simple size, n | Sex | Age | Trail registration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anderson (2019) | Brazil | English | Single-blinded RCT | Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction | HIIT = 10 | M = 3/F = 7 | 60 ± 9 | NCT02916225 |
| MICT = 9 | M = 4/F = 5 | 60 ± 10 | |||||||
| 2 | Currie (2015) | Canada | English | RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 9 | M = 9/F = 0 | 63 ± 8 | UN |
| MICT = 10 | M = 9/F = 1 | 66 ± 8 | |||||||
| 3 | Koufaki (2014) | England | English | Pilot RCT | Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction | HIIT = 8 | UN | UN | UN |
| MICT = 9 | UN | UN | |||||||
| 4 | Novakovic (2018) | Slovenia | English | Pilot RCT | Patients with tetralogy of fallot | HIIT = 9 | M = 2/F = 7 | 36.2 ± 6.8 | NCT02643810 |
| MICT = 9 | M = 4/F = 5 | 40.1 ± 10.4 | |||||||
| 5 | Nytroen (2019) | Norway | English | Multi-center, prospective, RCT | Heart transplant recipients | HIIT = 37 | M = 28/F = 9 | 50 ± 12 | NCT01796379 |
| MICT = 41 | M = 29/F = 12 | 48 ± 14 | |||||||
| 6 | Okur (2020) | Turkey | English | RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT(LV) = 6 | M = 6/F = 0 | 61.83 ± 4.79 | NCT04048057 |
| HIIT(HV) = 7 | M = 7/F = 0 | 59.14 ± 3.63 | |||||||
| MICT = 7 | M = 5/F = 2 | 62.00 ± 6.61 | |||||||
| 7 | Reed (2021) | Canada | English | Single-centre, parallel-group, RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 43 | M = 36/F = 7 | 61 ± 7 | NCT02765568 |
| MICT = 44 | M = 38/F = 6 | 60 ± 7 | |||||||
| 8 | Schonfelder (2021) | Australia | English | RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 17 | UN | UN | NCT1493193 |
| MICT = 14 | UN | UN | |||||||
| 9 | Taylor (2020) | Australia | English | Single-center RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 46 | M = 39/F = 7 | 65 ± 7 | ACTRN12615001292561 |
| MICT = 47 | M = 39/F = 8 | 65 ± 8 | |||||||
| 10 | Villafaina (2020) | Spain | English | Pilot RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 11 | M = 11/F = 0 | 55.27 ± 7.13 | UN |
| MICT = 10 | M = 10/F = 0 | 56.55 ± 3.50 | |||||||
| 11 | Yakut (2022) | Turkey | English | RCT | Patients with myocardial infarction | HIIT = 11 | M = 10/F = 1 | 59.6 ± 4.5 | NCT04407624 |
| MICT = 10 | M = 8/F = 2 | 58.5 ± 5.6 | |||||||
| 12 | Xianghui Liu (2021) | China | Chinese | RCT | Patients with hypertension | HIIT = 13 | M = 4/F = 9 | 44 ± 9 | UN |
| MICT = 13 | M = 5/F = 8 | 48 ± 7 | |||||||
| 13 | Dall (2015) | Denmark | English | RCT | Heart transplant recipients | HIIT = 8 | M = 12/F = 4 | 51.9 (33–70) | NTC01914406 |
| MICT = 9 | |||||||||
| 14 | Chih-Chin Hsu (2020) | China | English | RCT | Stroke patients | HIIT = 10 | M = 8/F = 2 | 58.5 (49.8–67.2) | NCT04135391 |
| MICT = 12 | M = 12/F = 1 | 53.1 (46.2–60.0) | |||||||
| 15 | Ellingsen (2017) | Norway | English | RCT | Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction | HIIT = 90 | M = 76/F = 14 | 65 (58–68) | NCT00917046 |
| MICT = 85 | M = 73/F = 12 | 60 (58–65) | |||||||
| 16 | Dunford (2021) | Canada | English | RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 9 | M = 8/F = 1 | 61 ± 8 | NCT03235674 |
| MICT = 9 | M = 8/F = 1 | 62 ± 6 | |||||||
| 17 | McGregor (2023) | England | English | Multi-center, prospective, RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 187 | M = 176/F = 11 | 58.6 ± 9.2 | NCT02784873 |
| MICT = 195 | M = 180/F = 15 | 59 ± 9.9 | |||||||
| 18 | Koldobika (2016) | Spain | English | Prospective, RCT | Patients with ischemic heart disease | HIIT = 36 | M = 28/F = 8 | 58 ± 11 | NCT02168712 |
| MICT = 36 | M = 33/F = 3 | 58 ± 11 | |||||||
| 19 | Mikel (2020) | Spain | English | RCT | Patients with hypertension | HIIT(LV) = 65 | M = 43/F = 22 | 54.7 ± 7.2 | NCT02283047 |
| HIIT(HV) = 60 | M = 39/F = 21 | 53.0 ± 8.6 | |||||||
| MICT = 61 | M = 38/F = 23 | 54.2 ± 7.2 | |||||||
| 20 | Pattyn (2016) | Belgium | English | Multi-center, prospective, RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 80 | M = 76/F = 4 | 57.4 ± 8.7 | UN |
| MICT = 83 | M = 76/F = 7 | 59.9 ± 9.2 | |||||||
| 21 | Papathanasiou (2020) | Bulgaria | English | Prospective, RCT | Patients with chronic heart failure | HIIT = 60 | M = 35/F = 7 | 63.65 ± 6.71 | UN |
| MICT = 60 | M = 76/F = 7 | 63.82 ± 6.71 | |||||||
| 22 | Reed (2022) | Canada | English | RCT | Patients with atrial fibrillation | HIIT = 43 | M = 29/F = 14 | 68 ± 8 | NCT02602457 |
| MICT = 43 | M = 28/F = 15 | 71 ± 7 | |||||||
| 23 | Trine (2009) | Norway | English | RCT | Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting | HIIT = 33 | M = 24/F = 4 | 60.2 ± 6.9 | UN |
| MICT = 36 | M = 24/F = 7 | 62.0 ± 7.6 | |||||||
| 24 | Ulrik (2007) | Norway | English | RCT | Patients with stable postinfarction heart failure | HIIT = 9 | M = 7/F = 2 | 76.5 ± 9 | NCT00218933 |
| MICT = 9 | M = 7/F = 2 | 74.4 ± 12 | |||||||
| 25 | Viviane (2014) | Belgium | English | Prospective, RCT | Patients with coronary artery disease | HIIT = 100 | M = 91/F = 9 | 57.0 ± 8.8 | UN |
| MICT = 100 | M = 89/F = 11 | 59.9 ± 9.2 |