Table 1.
Growth rates and growth percentage inhibition values for fungal isolates derived from the detergent industrial effluents cultivated in PDA supplemented with different metal ion concentrations
| Isolate and heavy metal concentration | Heavy metal* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb2+ | Zn2+ | Ni2+ | Mn2+ | |||||
| Growth rate (mm/h) | Growth inhibition (%) | Growth rate (mm/h) | Growth inhibition (%) | Growth rate (mm/h) | Growth inhibition (%) | Growth rate (mm/h) | Growth inhibition (%) | |
| 0.15 g/L | ||||||||
| NRCC1 | 0.394 ± 0.24 | 18.26 | 0.482 ± 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.362 ± 0.05 | 24.89 | 0.482 ± 1.24 | 0.00 |
| NRCC2 | 0.425 ± 0.41 | 18.27 | 0.520 ± 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.461 ± 0.11 | 11.35 | 0.489 ± 1.16 | 5.96 |
| NRCC3 | 0.680 ± 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.490 ± 0.50 | 27.94 | 0.518 ± 0.15 | 23.82 | 0.490 ± 1.05 | 27.94 |
| NRCC4 | 0.530 ± 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.478 ± 0.45 | 9.81 | 0.467 ± 0.12 | 11.89 | 0.520 ± 1.18 | 1.89 |
| NRCC5 | 0.726 ± 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.710 ± 0.90 | 2.20 | 0.658 ± 0.26 | 9.37 | 0.690 ± 1.30 | 4.96 |
| NRCC6 | 0.859 ± 0.46 | 1.26 | 0.870 ± 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.839 ± 0.35 | 3.56 | 0.810 ± 1.71 | 6.89 |
| NRCC7 | 0.289 ± 0.21 | 2.37 | 0.275 ± 0.26 | 7.09 | 0.295 ± 0.01 | 0.34 | 0.296 ± 0.64 | 0.00 |
| NRCC8 | 0.333 ± 0.29 | 11.67 | 0.377 ± 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.330 ± 0.05 | 12.47 | 0.377 ± 0.78 | 0.00 |
| NRCC9 | 0.450 ± 0.32 | 7.41 | 0.486 ± 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.450 ± 0.17 | 7.41 | 0.471 ± 1.04 | 3.09 |
| NRCC10 | 0.828 ± 0.54 | 4.28 | 0.632 ± 0.54 | 26.94 | 0.865 ± 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.690 ± 1.24 | 20.23 |
| 0.25 g/L | ||||||||
| NRCC1 | 0.390 ± 0.35 | 19.09 | 0.470 ± 0.44 | 2.49 | 0.360 ± 0.04 | 25.31 | 0.480 ± 1.24 | 0.42 |
| NRCC2 | 0.416 ± 0.37 | 20.00 | 0.511 ± 0.61 | 1.73 | 0.449 ± 0.14 | 13.65 | 0.470 ± 1.09 | 9.62 |
| NRCC3 | 0.624 ± 0.44 | 8.24 | 0.490 ± 0.57 | 27.94 | 0.506 ± 0.19 | 25.59 | 0.455 ± 1.03 | 33.09 |
| NRCC4 | 0.524 ± 0.38 | 1.13 | 0.470 ± 0.39 | 11.32 | 0.451 ± 0.13 | 14.91 | 0.500 ± 1.18 | 5.66 |
| NRCC5 | 0.700 ± 0.61 | 3.58 | 0.684 ± 0.70 | 5.79 | 0.620 ± 0.24 | 14.60 | 0.662 ± 1.23 | 8.82 |
| NRCC6 | 0.859 ± 0.69 | 1.26 | 0.870 ± 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.839 ± 0.36 | 3.56 | 0.806 ± 1.79 | 7.36 |
| NRCC7 | 0.269 ± 0.24 | 9.12 | 0.250 ± 0.18 | 15.54 | 0.287 ± 0.05 | 3.04 | 0.296 ± 0.62 | 0.00 |
| NRCC8 | 0.325 ± 0.37 | 13.79 | 0.363 ± 0.27 | 3.71 | 0.300 ± 0.07 | 20.42 | 0.370 ± 0.74 | 1.86 |
| NRCC9 | 0.438 ± 0.42 | 9.88 | 0.476 ± 0.49 | 2.06 | 0.400 ± 0.13 | 17.97 | 0.450 ± 0.95 | 7.41 |
| NRCC10 | 0.800 ± 0.70 | 7.52 | 0.519 ± 0.51 | 40.00 | 0.865 ± 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.671 ± 1.18 | 22.43 |
| 0.5 g/L | ||||||||
| NRCC1 | 0.374 ± 0.32 | 22.41 | 0.450 ± 0.44 | 6.64 | 0.342 ± 0.0 | 29.05 | 0.461 ± 1.19 | 4.36 |
| NRCC2 | 0.400 ± 0.37 | 23.08 | 0.503 ± 0.50 | 9.62 | 0.437 ± 0.05 | 15.96 | 0.451 ± 1.23 | 13.27 |
| NRCC3 | 0.600 ± 0.54 | 11.77 | 0.477 ± 0.46 | 29.86 | 0.486 ± 0.12 | 28.53 | 0.450 ± 1.17 | 33.82 |
| NRCC4 | 0.520 ± 0.48 | 1.89 | 0.458 ± 0.49 | 13.59 | 0.439 ± 0.07 | 17.17 | 0.481 ± 1.28 | 9.25 |
| NRCC5 | 0.690 ± 0.60 | 4.96 | 0.670 ± 0.75 | 7.71 | 0.620 ± 0.21 | 14.60 | 0.650 ± 1.30 | 10.47 |
| NRCC6 | 0.859 ± 0.76 | 1.26 | 0.870 ± 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.839 ± 0.36 | 3.56 | 0.806 ± 1.76 | 7.36 |
| NRCC7 | 0.250 ± 0.23 | 15.54 | 0.238 ± 0.30 | 19.59 | 0.270 ± 0.0 | 8.78 | 0.296 ± 0.62 | 0.00 |
| NRCC8 | 0.315 ± 0.37 | 16.45 | 0.360 ± 0.42 | 4.51 | 0.288 ± 0.06 | 23.61 | 0.361 ± 0.74 | 4.24 |
| NRCC9 | 0.429 ± 0.35 | 11.73 | 0.460 ± 0.51 | 5.35 | 0.390 ± 0.01 | 19.75 | 0.433 ± 0.85 | 10.91 |
| NRCC10 | 0.797 ± 0.75 | 7.86 | 0.462 ± 0.49 | 46.59 | 0.865 ± 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.612 ± 1.14 | 29.25 |
| 1.0 g/L | ||||||||
| NRCC1 | 0.351 ± 0.33 | 27.18 | 0.437 ± 0.48 | 9.34 | 0.329 ± 0.04 | 31.74 | 0.436 ± 1.24 | 9.54 |
| NRCC2 | 0.379 ± 0.37 | 27.12 | 0.484 ± 0.56 | 6.92 | 0.419 ± 0.10 | 19,42 | 0.430 ± 1.16 | 17.31 |
| NRCC3 | 0.558 ± 0.58 | 17.94 | 0.461 ± 0.50 | 32.21 | 0.450 ± 0.19 | 33.82 | 0.423 ± 1.01 | 37.79 |
| NRCC4 | 0.508 ± 0.63 | 4.15 | 0.450 ± 0.43 | 15.09 | 0.420 ± 0.14 | 20.76 | 0.473 ± 1.32 | 10.76 |
| NRCC5 | 0.669 ± 0.45 | 7.85 | 0.650 ± 0.68 | 10.46 | 0.600 ± 0.24 | 17.36 | 0.638 ± 1.64 | 12.12 |
| NRCC6 | 0.859 ± 0.74 | 1.26 | 0.870 ± 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.827 ± 0.31 | 4.94 | 0.790 ± 1.82 | 9.19 |
| NRCC7 | 0.231 ± 0.21 | 21.96 | 0.226 ± 0.28 | 23.65 | 0.240 ± 0.0 | 18.92 | 0.292 ± 0.51 | 1.35 |
| NRCC8 | 0.301 ± 0.28 | 20.16 | 0.347 ± 0.36 | 7.96 | 0.262 ± 0.07 | 30.50 | 0.340 ± 0.64 | 9.81 |
| NRCC9 | 0.415 ± 0.37 | 14.61 | 0.443 ± 0.43 | 8.85 | 0.366 ± 0.13 | 24.69 | 0.415 ± 0.77 | 14.61 |
| NRCC10 | 0.780 ± 0.68 | 9.83 | 0.421 ± 0.39 | 51.33 | 0.865 ± 0.34 | 0.00 | 0.547 ± 0.84 | 36.76 |
| 2.0 g/L | ||||||||
| NRCC1 | 0.320 ± 0.25 | 33.61 | 0.435 ± 0.44 | 9.75 | 0.304 ± 0.02 | 36.93 | 0.420 ± 1.19 | 12.86 |
| NRCC2 | 0.363 ± 0.27 | 30.19 | 0.470 ± 0.50 | 9.62 | 0.400 ± 0.07 | 23.08 | 0.417 ± 1.05 | 19.81 |
| NRCC3 | 0.540 ± 0.48 | 20.59 | 0.440 ± 0.43 | 35.29 | 0.428 ± 0.11 | 37.06 | 0.403 ± 1.02 | 40.74 |
| NRCC4 | 0.494 ± 0.43 | 6.79 | 0.439 ± 0.43 | 17.17 | 0.410 ± 0.07 | 22.64 | 0.460 ± 1.15 | 13.21 |
| NRCC5 | 0.650 ± 0.56 | 10.46 | 0.633 ± 0.70 | 12.81 | 0.576 ± 0.14 | 20.66 | 0.618 ± 1.60 | 14.88 |
| NRCC6 | 0.840 ± 0.66 | 3.45 | 0.870 ± 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.819 ± 0.29 | 5.86 | 0.782 ± 1.78 | 10.12 |
| NRCC7 | 0.219 ± 0.22 | 26.01 | 0.237 ± 0.22 | 19.93 | 0.220 ± 0.05 | 25.68 | 0.280 ± 0.50 | 5.41 |
| NRCC8 | 0.287 ± 0.27 | 23.87 | 0.334 ± 0.30 | 11.41 | 0.240 ± 0.06 | 36.34 | 0.320 ± 0.64 | 15.12 |
| NRCC9 | 0.400 ± 0.42 | 17.69 | 0.437 ± 0.55 | 10.08 | 0.352 ± 0.13 | 27.57 | 0.400 ± 0.69 | 17.69 |
| NRCC10 | 0.754 ± 0.60 | 12.83 | 0.389 ± 0.41 | 55.03 | 0.849 ± 0.40 | 1.85 | 0.500 ± 0.78 | 42.19 |
| 3.0 g/L | ||||||||
| NRCC1 | 0.300 ± 0.39 | 37.76 | 0.403 ± 0.51 | 16.39 | 0.290 ± 0.0 | 39.83 | 0.392 ± 0.73 | 18.67 |
| NRCC2 | 0.336 ± 0.34 | 35.39 | 0.449 ± 0.47 | 13.65 | 0.381 ± 0.04 | 26.73 | 0.400 ± 0.86 | 23.08 |
| NRCC3 | 0.500 ± 0.54 | 26.47 | 0.413 ± 0.56 | 39.27 | 0.400 ± 0.09 | 41.18 | 0.384 ± 0.65 | 43.53 |
| NRCC4 | 0.481 ± 0.48 | 9.25 | 0.416 ± 0.53 | 21.51 | 0.384 ± 0.06 | 27.55 | 0.455 ± 0.92 | 14.15 |
| NRCC5 | 0.629 ± 0.59 | 13.36 | 0.615 ± 0. 70 | 15.15 | 0.556 ± 0.20 | 23.42 | 0.600 ± 1.00 | 17.36 |
| NRCC6 | 0.827 ± 0.80 | 4.94 | 0.861 ± 0.91 | 1.04 | 0.808 ± 0.34 | 7.13 | 0.771 ± 1.19 | 11.38 |
| NRCC7 | 0.194 ± 0.14 | 34.46 | 0.221 ± 0.32 | 25.39 | 0.200 ± 0.01 | 32.43 | 0.277 ± 0.62 | 6.42 |
| NRCC8 | 0.265 ± 0.29 | 29.71 | 0.328 ± 0.41 | 12.99 | 0.215 ± 0.03 | 42.97 | 0.288 ± 0.74 | 23.61 |
| NRCC9 | 0.361 ± 0.42 | 25.72 | 0.398 ± 0.50 | 18.11 | 0.329 ± 0.09 | 32.31 | 0.350 ± 0.84 | 27.98 |
| NRCC10 | 0.680 ± 0.63 | 21.39 | 0.327 ± 0.41 | 62.19 | 0.830 ± 0.45 | 4.05 | 0.448 ± 0.90 | 48.21 |
| 4.0 g/L | ||||||||
| NRCC1 | 0.271 ± 0.30 | 43.78 | 0.378 ± 0.34 | 21.58 | 0.255 ± 0.04 | 47.09 | 0.342 ± 0.62 | 29.05 |
| NRCC2 | 0.300 ± 0.37 | 42.32 | 0.404 ± 0.40 | 22.31 | 0.331 ± 0.09 | 36.35 | 0.360 ± 0.80 | 30.77 |
| NRCC3 | 0.450 ± 0.44 | 33.82 | 0.400 ± 0.45 | 41.18 | 0.372 ± 0.16 | 45.29 | 0.361 ± 0.69 | 46.91 |
| NRCC4 | 0.469 ± 0.38 | 11.51 | 0.383 ± 0.36 | 27.74 | 0.350 ± 0.11 | 33.96 | 0.433 ± 0.87 | 18.30 |
| NRCC5 | 0.595 ± 0.45 | 18.04 | 0.590 ± 0.56 | 18.73 | 0.517 ± 0.22 | 28.79 | 0.590 ± 1.05 | 18.73 |
| NRCC6 | 0.812 ± 0.66 | 6.67 | 0.847 ± 0.88 | 2.64 | 0.790 ± 0.29 | 9.19 | 0.759 ± 1.13 | 12.76 |
| NRCC7 | 0.170 ± 0.19 | 42.57 | 0.191 ± 0.12 | 35.47 | 0.172 ± 0.00 | 41.89 | 0.269 ± 0.60 | 9.12 |
| NRCC8 | 0.200 ± 0.22 | 46.95 | 0.265 ± 0.26 | 29.71 | 0.184 ± 0.04 | 51.19 | 0.258 ± 0.68 | 31.57 |
| NRCC9 | 0.300 ± 0.32 | 38.27 | 0.365 ± 0.40 | 24.89 | 0.280 ± 0.08 | 42.39 | 0.300 ± 0.73 | 38.27 |
| NRCC10 | 0.626 ± 0.50 | 27.63 | 0.273 ± 0.21 | 68.44 | 0.810 ± 0.40 | 5.43 | 0.405 ± 0.84 | 53.18 |
| 5.0 g/L | ||||||||
| NRCC1 | 0.240 ± 0.15 | 50.21 | 0.350 ± 0.24 | 27.39 | 0.222 ± 0.10 | 53.94 | 0.317 ± 0.57 | 34.23 |
| NRCC2 | 0.259 ± 0.19 | 50.19 | 0.346 ± 0.30 | 33.46 | 0.283 ± 0.15 | 45.58 | 0.328 ± 0.76 | 36.92 |
| NRCC3 | 0.400 ± 0.37 | 41.18 | 0.346 ± 0.45 | 49.12 | 0.329 ± 0.19 | 51.62 | 0.302 ± 0.59 | 55.59 |
| NRCC4 | 0.329 ± 0.39 | 37.93 | 0.340 ± 0.33 | 35.85 | 0.313 ± 0.23 | 40.94 | 0.301 ± 0.69 | 43.21 |
| NRCC5 | 0.567 ± 0.42 | 21.90 | 0.530 ± 0.67 | 26.99 | 0.500 ± 0.24 | 31.13 | 0.532 ± 0.95 | 26.72 |
| NRCC6 | 0.790 ± 0.59 | 9.19 | 0.832 ± 0.82 | 4.37 | 0.774 ± 0.40 | 11.04 | 0.741 ± 1.06 | 14.83 |
| NRCC7 | 0.161 ± 0.11 | 45.61 | 0.180 ± 0.19 | 39.19 | 0.159 ± 0.00 | 46.28 | 0.213 ± 0.51 | 28.04 |
| NRCC8 | 0.140 ± 0.07 | 62.87 | 0.260 ± 0.22 | 31.04 | 0.150 ± 0.00 | 60.21 | 0.200 ± 0.56 | 46.95 |
| NRCC9 | 0.276 ± 0.19 | 43.21 | 0.319 ± 0.30 | 34.36 | 0.225 ± 0.13 | 53.70 | 0.240 ± 0.62 | 50.62 |
| NRCC10 | 0.552 ± 0.34 | 36.19 | 0.210 ± 0.21 | 75.72 | 0.783 ± 0.36 | 9.48 | 0.346 ± 0.74 | 60.00 |
*All treatments were tested in triplicate. Values showed the average growth rate (mm/h), growth inhibition (%), and ± standard deviation