Table 1.

Symbols used in the text

Symbol	Description
c s	Solute concentration, moles per unit volume
D	Solute diffusion coefficient
$\mathcal{F}$	Force exerted from the membrane on the solute
L p	Hydraulic permeability of the membrane
P	Fluid pressure
${\mathcal{P}}_d$	Diffusional permeability coefficient
${\mathcal{P}}_f$	Osmotic permeability coefficient
R	Universal gas constant
T	Absolute temperature
μ	Solute mobility
v i	Partial molar volume of species i
$v_w^0$	Molar volume of pure water
ΦV	Volume flux of water per unit area of membrane
ϕ w	Molar flux of water per unit area of membrane