Table 2.
Regular Use of Glucosamine, Chondroitin, and Methylsulfonylmethane Supplements in Relation to Mortality
| Exposure | Cohort, N (weighted %) | Deaths, N (weighted %) | Age and sex-adjusted |
Multivariable-adjusteda |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||
| Primary exposures | ||||||
| Regular use of any glucosamineb | ||||||
| No regular use | 36,816 (96.5) | 4696 (8.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Regular use | 1181 (3.5) | 204 (12.2) | 0.70 | 0.59–0.83 | 1.02 | 0.86–1.21 |
| Regular use of any chondroitinb | ||||||
| No regular use | 37,178 (97.6) | 4748 (8.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Regular use | 826 (2.4) | 156 (13.5) | 0.74 | 0.61–0.89 | 1.04 | 0.87–1.25 |
| Secondary exposures | ||||||
| Regular use of glucosamine+chondroitinb | ||||||
| No regular use of either | 36,802 (96.5) | 4693 (8.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Regular use of glucosamine only | 369 (1.1) | 51 (9.4) | 0.63 | 0.46–0.85 | 0.95 | 0.69–1.31 |
| Regular use of both | 812 (2.3) | 153 (13.5) | 0.73 | 0.60–0.88 | 1.05 | 0.87–1.26 |
| Regular use of any MSMb | ||||||
| No use | 37,559 (98.7) | 4834 (8.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Use | 457 (1.3) | 71 (10.6) | 0.77 | 0.59–0.99 | 0.99 | 0.74–1.33 |
a
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational status, marital status, poverty-to-income ratio, health insurance, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, physical activity, aspirin use, nonaspirin NSAID use, self-reported heath status, morbidity score, history of arthritis, and survey cycle.
b
Regular use defined by use in the month before baseline and reported usual frequency of use 20+ days/month.
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MSM, methylsulfonylmethane; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.