Table 2.

Intrapersonal Factors and Categories Influencing Concussion Disclosure

Categories	Concepts	Description
Attitudes and behaviors	Intellectual vs. athletic prioritization	Valuing intellectual goals/activities over athletic ones would tend to favor disclosure. Vice versa.
	Role/status on the team	Athletes whose status on a team is less secure (i.e., rookies) or those who would perceive their role on the team to be either the physically tough player or that of a leader would be less likely to disclose than more secure peers.
	Maturity level	Described as the willpower to prioritize one's health and resist external influences, a high maturity level seems to favor disclosure.
	Tendency to play through injuries	Hiding and playing through injuries favors non-disclosure and all participants mentioned that it was a “default mode” for many athletes.
	Minimizing concussion-related risks	Athletes who tend to believe that risks of sustaining another concussion are low or that, if sustained, health risks and consequences of concussion are mostly trivial would be less likely to disclose them than their peers who perceive higher risks of sustaining a concussion or its future consequences.
Concussion knowledge	Factual knowledge	Capacity to recognize signs, symptoms, potential sequelae, and what to do if suspecting a concussion. Necessary but insufficient to favor disclosure.
	Experiential knowledge	Sum of an athlete's personal experience with concussions. Athletes without a history of concussion (HoC) would be much more likely to disclose their injury than athletes with an HoC. Also, athletes with a history of concussion would tend to use their worst experience as a benchmark against which future concussions are compared.
	Cultural knowledge	Athletes from countries/regions where social norms regarding traumatic brain injuries are more liberal than North America would be less likely to disclose concussions.
Subjective evaluation of concussion	Number	Number of concussion symptoms felt by an athlete. Greater number seems to favor disclosure.
	Intensity	Intensity of the symptoms felt by an athlete. Greater intensity would favor disclosure.
	Duration	Time frame during which an athlete feels/felt symptoms. Likelihood of disclosure seems to increase as duration increases.
	Visibility	Disclosure seems more likely for athletes whose symptoms are visible by others (e.g., nausea/vomiting) whereas disclosure would be less likely if symptoms felt by athletes are less visible to others (e.g., headache).
	Impairment of athletic capacities	Disclosure seems more likely when athletes are affected by symptoms directly impeding on athletic capacities (e.g., motor or vestibular deficits, vision impairments).