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. 2023 Aug 11;27(4):100531. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100531

Table 3.

Primary and secondary outcomes comparisons after eight-week intervention.

Outcomes Control group (n=10) Intervention group (n=14) Unstandardized coefficient of ANCOVA (95% CI) R2
WOMAC pain
 T0 8.8 ± 4.6 10.0 ± 3.3 −4.4 (−7.5, −1.1) 0.49
 T1 8.6 ± 5.0 4.8 ± 3.3
 T1 - T0 change −0.2 ± 4.0 −5.6 ± 4.0
WOMAC stiffness
 T0 2.6 ± 1.6 1.7 ± 1.6 −0.9 (−2.5, 0.7) 0.18
 T1 2.2 ± 1.8 1.1 ± 1.5
 T1 - T0 change −0.4 ± 1.8 −0.6 ± 2.1
WOMAC function
 T0 20.5 ± 12.6 18.9 ± 10.7 −7.1 (−12.7, −1.4) 0.72
 T1 18.7 ± 10.4 9.1 ± 8.9
 T1 - T0 change −3.2 ± 5.6 −10.4 ± 7.9
WOMAC Total Index
 T0 31.9 ± 17.5 30.7 ± 13.7 −11.9 (−20.7, −3.1) 0.69
 T1 29.5 ± 16.0 15 ± 13.0
 T1 - T0 change −3.4 ± 8.2 −16.8 ± 12.0
30 seconds (s) chair stand test
 T0 10.3 ± 3.0 10.7 ± 1.4 2.7 (1.1, 4.1) 0.65
 T1 9.3 ± 1.9 12.1 ± 2.3
 T1 - T0 change −1.4 ± 2 1.6 ± 1.9
9-step stair climb test
 T0 17.6 ± 6.6 15.6 ± 4.5 −2.7 (−5.7, 0.1) 0.62
 T1 17.7 ± 7.0 12.1 ± 2.0
 T1 - T0 change 0.1 ± 4.6 −3.6 ± 3.2
40-m fast-paced walk test
 T0 1.4 ± 0.2 1.3 ± 0.2 0.2 (−0.0, 0.4) 0.29
 T1 1.4 ± 0.3 1.6 ± 0.1
 T1 - T0 change −0.0 ± 0.2 0.3 ± 0.2

Data based on Intention-to-treat analysis. Continuous data are mean ± standard deviation. ANCOVA analysis using covariates sex, body mass index, and baseline measurements of each outcome.

Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; T0, baseline assessment; T1, post-intervention assessment.