Table 3.
Primary and secondary outcomes comparisons after eight-week intervention.
| Outcomes | Control group (n=10) | Intervention group (n=14) | Unstandardized coefficient of ANCOVA (95% CI) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WOMAC pain | ||||
| T0 | 8.8 ± 4.6 | 10.0 ± 3.3 | −4.4 (−7.5, −1.1) | 0.49 |
| T1 | 8.6 ± 5.0 | 4.8 ± 3.3 | ||
| T1 - T0 change | −0.2 ± 4.0 | −5.6 ± 4.0 | ||
| WOMAC stiffness | ||||
| T0 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 1.7 ± 1.6 | −0.9 (−2.5, 0.7) | 0.18 |
| T1 | 2.2 ± 1.8 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | ||
| T1 - T0 change | −0.4 ± 1.8 | −0.6 ± 2.1 | ||
| WOMAC function | ||||
| T0 | 20.5 ± 12.6 | 18.9 ± 10.7 | −7.1 (−12.7, −1.4) | 0.72 |
| T1 | 18.7 ± 10.4 | 9.1 ± 8.9 | ||
| T1 - T0 change | −3.2 ± 5.6 | −10.4 ± 7.9 | ||
| WOMAC Total Index | ||||
| T0 | 31.9 ± 17.5 | 30.7 ± 13.7 | −11.9 (−20.7, −3.1) | 0.69 |
| T1 | 29.5 ± 16.0 | 15 ± 13.0 | ||
| T1 - T0 change | −3.4 ± 8.2 | −16.8 ± 12.0 | ||
| 30 seconds (s) chair stand test | ||||
| T0 | 10.3 ± 3.0 | 10.7 ± 1.4 | 2.7 (1.1, 4.1) | 0.65 |
| T1 | 9.3 ± 1.9 | 12.1 ± 2.3 | ||
| T1 - T0 change | −1.4 ± 2 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | ||
| 9-step stair climb test | ||||
| T0 | 17.6 ± 6.6 | 15.6 ± 4.5 | −2.7 (−5.7, 0.1) | 0.62 |
| T1 | 17.7 ± 7.0 | 12.1 ± 2.0 | ||
| T1 - T0 change | 0.1 ± 4.6 | −3.6 ± 3.2 | ||
| 40-m fast-paced walk test | ||||
| T0 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.2 (−0.0, 0.4) | 0.29 |
| T1 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | ||
| T1 - T0 change | −0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 |
Data based on Intention-to-treat analysis. Continuous data are mean ± standard deviation. ANCOVA analysis using covariates sex, body mass index, and baseline measurements of each outcome.
Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; T0, baseline assessment; T1, post-intervention assessment.