Table 2. Estimated Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With HCAHPS-SS in Models as Stratified by Hospital Characteristicsa.
2020 | Q1/2020 (n = 5 861 470 patients; n = 1648 hospitals) | Q2/2020 (n = 5 807 876 patients; n = 1737 hospitals) | Q3/2020 (n = 6 118 270 patients; n = 3224 hospitals) | Q4/2020 (n = 6 104 234 patients; n = 3295 hospitals) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Est (SE), % | P value | Est (SE), % | P value | Est (SE), % | P value | Est (SE), % | P value | |
Prepandemic (2019) overall star rating | ||||||||
Overall star rating, 1-2 | −0.01 (0.11) | .93 | −1.56 (0.11) | <.001 | −2.18 (0.09) | <.001 | −1.92 (0.09) | <.001 |
Overall star rating, 3 | −0.01 (0.11) | .92 | −1.28 (0.11) | <.001 | −2.02 (0.09) | <.001 | −2.08 (0.10) | <.001 |
Overall star rating, 4 | −0.11 (0.10) | .29 | −0.95 (0.10) | <.001 | −1.97 (0.09) | <.001 | −1.90 (0.09) | <.001 |
Overall star rating, 5 | 0.04 (0.13) | .76 | −0.87 (0.14) | <.001 | −1.73 (0.12) | <.001 | −1.70 (0.12) | <.001 |
NA stars | −0.08 (0.26) | .78 | −1.00 (0.26) | <.001 | −1.48 (0.22) | <.001 | −1.38 (0.22) | <.001 |
2021 | Q1/2021 (n = 6 099 727 patients; n = 3219 hospitals) | Q2/2021 (n = 6 109 713 patients; n = 3181 hospitals) | Q3/2021 (n = 6 084 396 patients; n = 3232 hospitals) | Q4/2021 (n = 5 990 289 patients; n = 3137 hospitals) | ||||
Overall star rating, 1-2 | −2.21 (0.12) | <.001 | −2.62 (0.12) | <.001 | −3.66 (0.12) | <.001 | −3.74 (0.13) | <.001 |
Overall star rating, 3 | −2.06 (0.12) | <.001 | −2.46 (0.12) | <.001 | −3.52 (0.12) | <.001 | −3.65 (0.13) | <.001 |
Overall star rating, 4 | −1.67 (0.12) | <.001 | −2.10 (0.12) | <.001 | −3.18 (0.12) | <.001 | −3.58 (0.12%) | <.001 |
Overall star rating, 5 | −1.63 (0.16) | <.001 | −2.01 (0.16) | <.001 | −3.00 (0.16) | <.001 | −3.20 (0.17) | <.001 |
NA stars | −1.73 (0.29) | <.001 | −2.13 (0.29) | <.001 | −2.74 (0.29) | <.001 | −3.32 (0.30) | <.001 |
2020 | Q1/2020 (n = 5 861 470 patients; n = 1648 hospitals) | Q2/2020 (n = 5 807 876 patients; n = 1737 hospitals) | Q3/2020 (n = 6 118 270 patients; n = 3224 hospitals) | Q4/2021 (n = 5 990 289 patients; n = 3295 hospitals) | ||||
Prepandemic (2019) staffing levels | ||||||||
Q1 (lowest staffing) | −0.01 (0.12) | .90 | −1.83 (0.13) | <.001 | −2.27 (0.10) | <.001 | −2.12 (0.11) | <.001 |
Q2 | 0.05 (0.09) | .61 | −1.14 (0.10) | <.001 | −2.08 (0.08) | <.001 | −1.98 (0.08%) | <.001 |
Q3 | −0.17 (0.10) | .10 | −0.95 (0.10) | <.001 | −1.82 (0.09) | <.001 | −1.73 (0.09) | <.001 |
Q4 (highest staffing) | 0.06 (0.15) | .69 | −0.98 (0.16) | <.001 | −1.63 (0.13) | <.001 | −1.72 (0.13) | <.001 |
2021 | Q1/2021 (n = 6 099 727 patients; n = 3219 hospitals) | Q2/2021 (n = 6 109 713 patients; n = 3181 hospitals) | Q3/2021 (n = 6 084 396 patients; n = 3232 hospitals) | Q4/2021 (n = 5 990 289 patients; n = 3137 hospitals) | ||||
Q1 (lowest staffing) | −2.26 (0.13) | <.001 | −2.65 (0.13) | <.001 | −3.77 (0.14) | <.001 | −3.74 (0.14) | <.001 |
Q2 | −1.94 (0.10) | <.001 | −2.39 (0.10) | <.001 | −3.37 (0.10) | <.001 | −3.49 (0.11) | <.001 |
Q3 | −1.86 (0.11) | <.001 | −2.12 (0.12) | <.001 | −3.22 (0.12) | <.001 | −3.54 (0.12) | <.001 |
Q4 (highest staffing) | −1.44 (0.18) | <.001 | −2.09 (0.18) | <.001 | −2.94 (0.18) | <.001 | −3.62 (0.18) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: est, estimation; HCAHPS-SS, Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems summary score; NA, not applicable; Q, quarter.
Each model included Q1/2018 to Q4/2019 discharges, plus 1 post-2019 quarter (each model had 9 quarters). Each model was limited to hospitals with at least 25 completed surveys in their post-2019 quarter and included data from all quarters for which these hospitals had at least 25 completed surveys. Models also included hospital random effects.