Table 1.
Summary of GENCOV participant characteristics, stratified by hospitalization status. p-values, crude odds ratios (ORs), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the logistic regression models. Variables which were controlled in the multiple logistic regression model included continuous age and BMI, sex, ethnicity (White/European vs. non-White/European), hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and pulmonary conditions. Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
| No. of Observations (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable | Multivariable | ||||||
| Characteristics | Total (n = 966) |
Inpatient (n = 54) |
Outpatient (n = 912) |
p (OR) | OR [95%CI] | p (aOR) | aOR [95%CI] |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 417 (43.2) | 28 (51.8) | 389 (42.6) | 0.187 | 0.69 [0.40–1.20] |
0.977 | 1.01 [0.47–2.18] |
| Female | 549 (56.8) | 26 (48.2) | 523 (57.4) | ||||
| Age (Median [IQR]) | 43 [32–55] | 56 [46–65] | 42 [31–54] | <0.001 |
1.07
[1.05–1.09] |
0.007 |
1.05
[1.01–1.08] |
| <65 | 882 (91.3) | 38 (70.4) | 844 (92.5) | ||||
| ≥65 | 84 (8.7) | 16 (29.6) | 68 (7.5) | ||||
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| White/European | 484 (50.1) | 15 (27.8) | 469 (51.4) | 0.002 |
2.75
[1.47–5.14] |
0.014 |
2.72
[1.22–6.05] |
| Non-White/European | 408 (42.2) | 33 (61.1) | 375 (41.1) | ||||
| Mixed Ethnicity | 48 (5.0) | 1 (1.8) | 47 (5.2) | ||||
| Unknown | 26 (2.7) | 5 (9.3) | 21 (2.3) | ||||
| BMI (Median [IQR]) | 25.9 [22.9–29.1] | 30.2 [26.6–34.6] | 25.8 [22.8–28.7] | <0.001 |
1.18
[1.12–1.24] |
<0.001 |
1.17
[1.10–1.24] |
| <25 kg/m2 | 303 (31.4) | 4 (7.4) | 299 (32.8) | ||||
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 419 (43.4) | 35 (64.8) | 384 (42.1) | ||||
| Unknown | 244 (25.2) | 15 (27.8) | 229 (25.1) | ||||
| Viral Variants | |||||||
| Wild-Type | 277 (28.7) | 7 (13.0) | 270 (29.6) | 0.045 |
2.44
[1.02–5.83] |
0.012 |
5.43
[1.45–20.34] |
| Variant | 353 (36.5) | 21 (38.9) | 332 (36.4) | ||||
| Unknown | 336 (34.8) | 26 (48.1) | 310 (34.0) | ||||
|
Vaccination Status
(at COVID-19 positivity date) |
|||||||
| Unvaccinated | 668 (69.1) | 44 (81.5) | 624 (68.4) | 0.003 |
0.12
[0.03–0.49] |
N/A | N/A |
| Vaccinated (Any dose) | 244 (25.3) | 2 (3.7) | 242 (26.5) | ||||
| Unknown | 54 (5.6) | 8 (14.8) | 46 (5.1) | ||||
| Underlying Health Conditions | |||||||
| None | 414 (42.9) | 18 (33.3) | 396 (43.4) | 0.148 | 1.53 [0.86–2.74] |
N/A | N/A |
| Any (≥1) | 552 (57.1) | 36 (66.7) | 516 (56.6) | ||||
| History of Smoking | |||||||
| Yes | 357 (37.0) | 16 (29.6) | 341 (37.4) | 0.565 | 0.83 [0.45–1.55] |
0.745 | 1.14 [0.52–2.52] |
| No | 582 (60.2) | 31 (57.4) | 551 (60.4) | ||||
| Unknown | 27 (2.8) | 7 (13.0) | 20 (2.2) | ||||