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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Common pathological process in PD and IR. (A) α-synuclein aggregates and cognitive loss. (B) Dopaminergic neuronal death. (C) Neuroinflammatory response. (D) Mitochondrial dysfunction. (E) Autophagy.