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. 2023 Aug 14;23(16):7158. doi: 10.3390/s23167158

Table 4.

Transition matrix between 2016 and 2020 globally (unit: 103 km2).

2020 Cropland Forest Grassland Shrubland Wetland Water Body Tundra Impervious Surface Bareland Permanent Ice/Snow Total for 2016 Total Outflow
2016
Cropland 15,546.75 533.86 1058.32 495.04 33.07 12.59 1.74 152.06 75.34 0.02 17,908.79 2362.04
Forest 508.56 42,866.20 845.26 547.54 182.97 83.64 67.60 44.49 9.29 0.57 45,156.11 2289.90
Grassland 990.66 874.08 17,786.16 1024.71 156.37 22.65 167.87 60.93 516.00 0.88 21,600.30 3814.15
Shrubland 619.24 585.24 1062.78 11,879.50 46.73 11.54 0.73 26.01 168.39 0.02 14,400.18 2520.68
Wetland 32.64 205.92 154.98 41.51 1238.88 41.78 16.55 5.65 8.55 0.01 1746.46 507.58
Water body 8.10 80.72 19.97 9.52 38.23 2627.69 69.34 6.83 43.71 54.67 2958.77 331.08
Tundra 1.42 66.37 120.96 0.48 14.40 50.36 4884.48 0.04 90.43 4.55 5233.48 349.00
Impervious surface 125.22 36.60 50.77 28.47 4.76 10.31 0.15 988.25 7.02 0.10 1251.65 263.40
Bareland 121.77 5.74 517.42 177.49 7.45 57.60 101.86 10.06 21,157.92 57.61 22,214.92 1057.01
Permanent ice/snow 0.00 1.16 0.65 0.01 0.04 56.72 4.05 0.03 55.26 14,370.80 14,488.71 117.91
Total for 2020 17,954.35 45,255.88 21,617.28 14,204.26 1722.89 2974.88 5314.36 1294.35 22,131.90 14,489.22 —— ——
Total inflow 2407.61 2389.68 3831.12 2324.76 484.01 347.19 429.88 306.10 973.98 118.42 —— ——