Table 4.

Summary of previous experimental tensile tests for CFS at elevated temperature.

Research	Year	Steel Grade	CFS Section	Testing Condition	Temperature Range	Property Investigated	Design Predictions Checked
Kumar et al. [22]	2023	YSt-355-FR (0.1% Mo)	RHS	Steady State	20 °C–800 °C	E, proportional limit strength, fy, fu, fracture strength, εy, εu, εfrac	EC-3 [23], AS 4100 [87], AISC 360 [1], BS 5950 [88], IS 800 [89]
Kumar et al. [90]	2022	YSt-355-FR (0.126% Mo)	RHS	Steady State	20 °C–800 °C	Proportional limit strength, fy, fu	EC-3 [23], AS 4100 [87], AISC 360 [1], BS 5950 [88], IS 800 [89]
Liang et al. [91]	2022	Q345	Flat and Corner parts of a Channel	Not mentioned	20 °C–800 °C	E, fy	EC-3 [23], AS 4100 [87], AISC 360-10 [1]
Pieper and Mahendran [92]	2021	G550	Corrugated cladding, trapezoidal cladding	Steady State	20 °C–600 °C	fy, fu, 0.05% proof stress, εu, εfrac	AS/NZS 4600 [29]
Yan et al. [93]	2020	Mild steel (MS-395), High strength low-alloy steel (HSLA- 700), and AHSS (DP340, DP700, MS-1030, and MS-1200)	Steel sheets	Steady State and Transient State	20 °C–700 °C	E, fy, yield stress at strain levels of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, fu, εfrac	EC-3 [23], AISC 360 [1]
Chen et al. [94]	2020	G550	CFS studs	Steady State	20 °C–900 °C	E, fy, fu	NONE
Rokilan and Mahendran [95]	2020	G300, G550	Lipped channels, floor decks	Steady State	20 °C–700 °C	fy, fu, proportional limit, stress at 2%, 0.05%proof stress, εu, εfrac	AS/NZS 4600 [29]
Singh and Singh [96]	2019	YSt-310	SHS, RHS	Steady State	20 °C–800 °C	fy, stresses at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, fu, εu, εfrac	EC-3 [23], AS 4100 [87], AISC 360 [1], BS 5950 [88], IS 800 [89]
Imran, M. et al. [20]	2018	G350	SHS, RHS, CHS	Steady State	20–800 °C	fy, stress at 2% strain, E, fu, εu	BS 5950 [88], EC3 [23], AS 4100 [87], AISC 360-10 [1]
Li and Young [97]	2017	700 MPa, 900 MPa	SHS, RHS	Steady State and Transient State	21 °C–1000 °C	Thermal elongation, E, fy, fu, εu, and εfrac	EC3 [23], AISC 360 [27], AS 4100 [87], BS 5950 [88], Chen and Young's equation [98]

Legend: E = Elastic modulus, f_y = yield stress/0.2% proof stress, ε_y = yield strain, f_u = ultimate strength, ε_u = ultimate strain, ε_frac = fracture strain.