Table 5.
Associations of Microvascular Injury-Related Biomarkers With 3- and 6-Month GOSE
| 3-Month GOSE 1-4 vs. 5-8 |
6-Month GOSE 1-4 vs. 5-8 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Age and GCS Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted AUC (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Age and GCS Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted AUC (95% CI) | |
| A priori hypothesized | ||||||
| vWF | 2.27 (1.17, 4.39) | 1.80 (0.83, 3.90) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.81) | 1.82 (0.90, 3.69) | 1.37 (0.60, 3.10) | 0.65 (0.50, 0.80) |
| Thrombomodulin | 6.84 (1.66, 28.25) | 2.24 (0.46, 10.87) | 0.70 (0.58, 0.82) | 2.01 (0.48, 8.41) | 0.49 (0.10, 2.39) | 0.59 (0.46, 0.72) |
| Ang-1 | 0.70 (0.46, 1.05) | 0.89 (0.54, 1.49) | 0.64 (0.52, 0.75) | 0.74 (0.47, 1.15) | 0.94 (0.54, 1.65) | 0.61 (0.47, 0.75) |
| Ang-2 | 2.79 (1.30, 6.00) | 0.79 (0.33, 1.90) | 0.67 (0.54, 0.80) | 2.12 (0.97, 4.61) | 0.57 (0.22, 1.47) | 0.66 (0.50, 0.82) |
| c-Fibronectin | 0.87 (0.32, 2.31) | 0.53 (0.13, 2.18) | 0.53 (0.39, 0.67) | 1.02 (0.32, 3.27) | 0.82 (0.15, 4.50) | 0.50 (0.34, 0.66) |
| Tie-2 | 0.38 (0.14, 1.08) | 1.62 (0.41, 6.35) | 0.65 (0.52, 0.79) | 0.38 (0.13, 1.17) | 1.85 (0.31, 11.07) | 0.68 (0.52, 0.83) |
| Exploratory | ||||||
| Flt-1 | 1.63 (0.76, 3.48) | 0.99 (0.44, 2.22) | 0.60 (0.45, 0.75) | 1.57 (0.72, 3.43) | 0.98 (0.40, 2.44) | 0.60 (0.44, 0.77) |
| PIGF | 2.59 (0.98, 6.86) | 2.17 (0.63, 7.51) | 0.64 (0.51, 0.77) | 1.94 (0.72, 5.26) | 1.21 (0.33, 4.41) | 0.60 (0.45, 0.75) |
| VEGF-A | 1.39 (0.91, 2.14) | 1.56 (0.90, 2.71) | 0.58 (0.46, 0.70) | 1.10 (0.69, 1.76) | 1.00 (0.56, 1.81) | 0.50 (0.36, 0.64) |
| VEGF-C | 0.61 (0.34, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.46, 1.89) | 0.61 (0.48, 0.73) | 0.65 (0.35, 1.24) | 0.98 (0.47, 2.06) | 0.59 (0.45, 0.74) |
| VEGF-D | 3.12 (1.26, 7.70) | 2.20 (0.82, 5.91) | 0.62 (0.48, 0.76) | 2.24 (0.88, 5.76) | 1.78 (0.63, 5.09) | 0.58 (0.42, 0.74) |
| E-Selectin | 2.21 (0.95, 5.15) | 3.53 (1.15, 10.82) | 0.62 (0.50, 0.75) | 1.38 (0.58, 3.32) | 1.34 (0.44, 4.07) | 0.55 (0.40, 0.69) |
| PDGFR-ß | 2.09 (0.92, 4.79) | 1.79 (0.63, 5.12) | 0.60 (0.47, 0.73) | 1.08 (0.46, 2.50) | 0.70 (0.23, 2.15) | 0.51 (0.38, 0.64) |
| P-Selectin | 1.56 (0.68, 3.57) | 1.48 (0.51, 4.31) | 0.59 (0.46, 0.71) | 0.74 (0.30, 1.86) | 0.47 (0.15, 1.44) | 0.52 (0.38, 0.65) |
| VCAM-1 | 4.33 (1.26, 14.83) | 3.19 (0.79, 12.95) | 0.66 (0.53, 0.78) | 2.75 (0.64, 11.81) | 1.82 (0.27, 12.40) | 0.61 (0.47, 0.74) |
| bFGF | 0.99 (0.69, 1.42) | 1.24 (0.75, 2.05) | 0.51 (0.39, 0.63) | 0.83 (0.55, 1.25) | 1.02 (0.60, 1.72) | 0.56 (0.41, 0.71) |
| Principal Components Analysis | ||||||
| PC1 | 0.73 (0.40, 1.22) | 0.99 (0.51, 1.81) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.88) | 0.66 (0.34, 1.45) | 0.97 (0.48, 1.81) | 0.73 (0.59, 0.86) |
| PC2 | 2.53 (1.55, 4.38) | 1.56 (0.85, 2.98) | 1.90 (1.16, 3.25) | 0.97 (0.49, 1.91) | ||
Sample size for c-Fibronectin is 135; sample size for all other biomarkers and principal components analysis is 159. OR is expressed per 1 log unit increase in each biomarker or 1 unit increase in PC score. Individual models were run for each biomarker separately. PC1 and PC2 were included in the same model. Bolded data represents p < 0.05.
No associations with individual biomarkers had p < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons.
GOSE, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; AUC, area under the curve; vWF, von Willebrand factor; Ang, angiopoietin; PIGF, placental growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion protein 1; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; PC, principal component.