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Long-term exposure to environmental acidity induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like features. The mRNA expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) 2, MMP9, E-cadherin, and vimentin was analyzed using real-time PCR (A–D) and Western blot assay (E) in MCF7 cells and MCF7 cells cultured for over 12 weeks at pH 6.4 (MCF7-6.4/12w cells). * p < 0.05 vs. pH 7.4.
