. 2023 Aug 15;12(16):2948. doi: 10.3390/plants12162948

Table 3.

Effects of exogenous melatonin application on photosynthetic apparatus under temperature stress.

Stress	Crop	Effects on Photosynthesis	Reference
Heat stress	Tomato	Improves photosynthetic parameters, such as net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence. Reduces oxidative stress to PSII.	[95]
	Rice	Enhances the photosynthetic capacity. Promotes the fresh green appearance of leaves and higher values of photosynthesis-related parameters.	[92]
	Wheat	Reduces oxidative damage by lowering the TBARS and H₂O₂ content. Improves photosynthetic efficacy through enhancement of antioxidants. Improves photosynthetic efficacy through enhancement of antioxidants, accumulation of proline, chlorophyll and carotenoids.	[90,91]
	Tomato	Increases Fv/Fm ratio and chlorophyll levels. Decreases ROS generation. Reduces expression of RBOHS and chlorophyll degradation-associated genes.	[94]
Cold stress	Melon	Increases concentration of antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and maximal quantum yield of PS II.	[96]
	Rice	Enhances net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ and water use efficiency.	[97]
	Tomato	Improves pigment content, gas exchange elements, and chlorophyll fluorescence metrics.	[98]
	Pepper	Improves photochemical activity of PSII and PSI and photosynthetic enzymes. Increases the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. Enhances photosynthesis under cold stress conditions.	[88]