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CBD receptors and intracellular signaling. (A) CBD interacts with several cell surface and nuclear receptors, antagonizing PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and JAK/STAT pathways. CBD inhibits through PPARγ receptor DNA transcription of proinflammatory mediators. Moreover, CBD modifies membrane and organelle calcium channels, altering intracellular signaling. (B) CBD exerts indirect effects on cannabidiol receptors and affects the uptake of adenosine and GABA, reinforcing their signaling.
