Table 1.
Visit 5 characteristics of the participants relative to visit 5 anosmia status.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 6053) | No Anosmia (n = 5206) | Anosmia (n = 847) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Olfaction (Total Number of Correct Scores, Mean, SD) | 9.19 (2.43) | 9.96 (1.50) | 4.47 (1.57) |
| Olfaction (Total Number of Errors, Mean, SD) | 2.81 (2.43) | 2.04 (1.50) | 7.53 (1.57) |
| Age (Years, Mean, SD) | 75.60 (5.18) | 75.28 (5.05) | 77.57 (5.55) |
| Male (n, %) | 2502 (41%) | 2061 (40%) | 441 (52%) |
| Black Race (n, %) | 1374 (23%) | 1028 (20%) | 346 (41%) |
| Education (n, %) | |||
| <High School | 878 (15%) | 669 (13%) | 209 (25%) |
| High School | 2516 (42%) | 2206 (42%) | 310 (37%) |
| >High School | 2648 (44%) | 2324 (45%) | 324 (38%) |
| Study Site (n, %) | |||
| Forsyth, North Carolina | 1360 (22%) | 1220 (23%) | 140 (17%) |
| Jackson, Mississippi | 1279 (21%) | 949 (18%) | 330 (39%) |
| Minneapolis, Minnesota | 1735 (29%) | 1568 (30%) | 167 (20%) |
| Washington, Maryland | 1679 (28%) | 1469 (28%) | 210 (25%) |
| Cigarette Smoking (n, %) | |||
| Never Smoker | 2261 (42%) | 1962 (42%) | 299 (42%) |
| Former Smoker | 2799 (52%) | 2419 (52%) | 380 (53%) |
| Current Smoker | 344 (6%) | 303 (6%) | 41 (6%) |
| Alcohol Consumption (n, %) | |||
| Never Drinker | 1236 (21%) | 1046 (21%) | 190 (24%) |
| Former Drinker | 1707 (30%) | 1414 (28%) | 293 (37%) |
| Current Drinker | 2828 (49%) | 2529 (51%) | 299 (38%) |
| APOE ε4 status (any ε4 allele, n, %) | 1642 (28%) | 1351 (27%) | 291 (36%) |
| BMI (kg/m2, Mean, SD) | 28.81 (5.74) | 28.85 (5.64) | 28.52 (6.37) |
| Physical Activity (Total MET-Min/week, Mean, SD) | 767.39 (837.95) | 791.31 (847.64) | 610.85 (753.52) |
| Serum Total Cholesterol (mg/dL, Mean, SD) | 181.48 (42.01) | 182.32 (41.78) | 176.21 (43.11) |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 1970 (34%) | 1650 (32%) | 320 (40%) |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 4464 (74%) | 3836 (74%) | 628 (76%) |
| Myocardial Infarction History (n, %) | 453 (8%) | 376 (8%) | 77 (10%) |
| CHD History (n, %) | 884 (15%) | 729 (14%) | 155 (19%) |
| Stroke History (n, %) | 229 (4%) | 177 (3%) | 52 (6%) |
| Serum C-Reactive Protein (mg/L, Mean, SD) | 4.22 (8.16) | 4.16 (8.19) | 4.56 (8.01) |
| Dementia Status (n, %) | |||
| Normal | 4529 (75%) | 4076 (78%) | 453 (54%) |
| Mild Cognitive Impairment | 1264 (21%) | 1028 (20%) | 236 (28%) |
| Dementia | 247 (4%) | 92 (2%) | 155 (18%) |
| Parkinson’s Disease (n, %) | 33 (1%) | 15 (1%) | 18 (4%) |
| Serum Vitamin B12 (pg/mL, Mean, SD) | 658.92 (532.09) | 657.15 (557.51) | 664.49 (442.82) |
| Blood Hemoglobin (g/dL, Mean, SD) | 13.30 (1.48) | 13.32 (1.47) | 13.15 (1.51) |
| Anemia (n, %) | 1255 (21%) | 1022 (20%) | 233 (29%) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; SD, standard deviation. Missing values: education, n = 11; smoking status, n = 649; alcohol consumption, n = 282; APOE ε4 status, n = 254; BMI, n = 179; physical activity, n = 311; total cholesterol, n = 74; diabetes, n = 174; hypertension, n = 54; myocardial infarction, n = 412; coronary heart disease, n = 104; stroke, n = 10; serum C-reactive protein, n = 76; dementia, n = 13.