. 2023 Aug 16;15(16):3591. doi: 10.3390/nu15163591

Table 7.

Comparison of adherence to a healthy diet with lifestyle habits and frequency of junk food consumption with the test of equality for column proportions (z-test).

Lifestyle Habits	Adherence to Healthy Diet
	Unhealthy Diet (a)		Medium Healthy Diet (b)		Healthy Diet (c)
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total	438	25.48	960	55.85	321	18.67
Exercise frequency (χ² = 54.58, p < 0.001)
Not	136 ^b,c	31.05	152 ^c	15.83	27	8.41
Yes, very rarely	196 ^c	44.75	402 ^c	41.88	92	28.66
Yes, 2–3 times a week	64	14.61	237 ^a	24.69	104 ^a,b	32.40
Yes, every day under an hour	22	5.02	90 ^a	9.38	36 ^a	11.21
Yes, daily for at least an hour	20	4.57	79 ^a	8.23	62 ^a,b	19.31
Smoking (χ² = 71.29, p < 0.001)
Yes, excessive daily	134 ^b,c	30.59	163 ^c	16.98	34	10.59
Yes, 1–2 cigarettes daily	34	7.76	63	6.56	17	5.30
Yes, 2–3 times a week	11	2.51	16	1.67	4	1.25
Yes, occasionally	49 ^c	11.19	90 ^c	9.38	18	5.61
Not	210	47.97	628 ^a	65.42	248 ^a,b	77.26
Sleep time, hours (χ² = 54.64, p < 0.001)
I have frequent insomnia	41	9.36	60	6.25	19	5.92
Under 7 h per night	188 ^b,c	42.92	276	28.75	87	27.10
Over 9 h a night	24	5.48	34	3.54	8	2.49
7–8 h per night	185	42.24	590 ^a	61.46	207 ^a	64.49
Frequency of junk food consumption (χ² = 49.29, p < 0.001)
Very rarely or not at all	38	8.68	231 ^a	24.06	160 ^a,b	40.84
2–3 times a month	76	17.35	255 ^a	26.56	83 ^a	25.86
2–3 times week	170 ^b,c	38.81	217 ^c	22.60	32	9.97
Once a week	94 ^c	21.46	226 ^c	23.54	44	13.71
Daily	60 ^b,c	13.70	31 ^c	3.23	2	0.62

Values in the same row not sharing the same superscript were significantly different at p < 0.05 in the two-sided test of equality for column proportions (z-test). Tests were adjusted for all pairwise comparisons within a row of each innermost sub-table using the Bonferroni correction.