Table 2.
Factors associated with hesitancy of regular COVID-19 vaccination in bivariate analysis.
| Factors | Regular Vaccination | χ2/Z | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No/Not Sure | Yes | ||||
| Sociodemographics | |||||
| Gender | Male | 240 (42.2) | 329 (57.8) | 0.311 | 0.577 |
| Female | 281 (43.8) | 361 (56.2) | |||
| Age | 18–44 | 218 (51.7) | 204 (48.3) | 41.661 | <0.001 |
| 45–64 | 127 (37.5) | 212 (62.5) | |||
| ≥65 | 79 (27.9) | 204 (72.1) | |||
| Education level | Primary or below | 71 (31.4) | 155 (68.6) | 28.537 | <0.001 |
| Secondary | 227 (40.8) | 329 (59.2) | |||
| College or above | 221 (52.4) | 201 (47.6) | |||
| Employment | Unemployed | 237 (40.4) | 349 (59.6) | 2.820 | 0.093 |
| Employed | 280 (45.2) | 339 (54.8) | |||
| Health conditions | |||||
| Perceived health status | Good | 208 (38.5) | 448 (61.5) | 14.900 | <0.001 |
| Fair/bad | 239 (49.7) | 242 (50.3) | |||
| Chronic illness | No | 383 (46.0) | 450 (54.0) | 9.728 | 0.002 |
| Yes | 138 (36.4) | 241 (63.6) | |||
| Experiences | |||||
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | No | 342 (41.1) | 491 (58.9) | 8.179 | 0.017 |
| Yes | 152 (45.4) | 183 (54.6) | |||
| Probably | 26 (61.9) | 16 (38.1) | |||
| COVID-19 vaccination doses | Zero | 64 (86.5) | 10 (13.5) | 173.685 | <0.001 |
| One | 42 (67.7) | 20 (32.3) | |||
| Two | 264 (54.8) | 218 (45.2) | |||
| Three | 151 (25.5) | 441 (74.5) | |||
| COVID-19 vaccination side effects | None | 197 (33.7) | 388 (66.3) | 25.939 | <0.001 |
| Mild to moderate | 228 (45.2) | 276 (54.8) | |||
| Moderate to severe | 26 (65.0) | 14 (35.0) | |||
| Flu vaccination | No | 301 (48.9) | 314 (51.1) | 60.632 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 212 (36.4) | 370 (63.6) | |||
| Attitudes | |||||
| Vaccine confidence | 13 (10, 16) | 16 (14, 18) | −15.177 | <0.001 | |
| Better ways for prevention than vaccines | 4 (3, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 9.665 | <0.001 | |
| Perceived knowledge sufficiency | 3 (3, 4) | 4 (3, 4) | −10.915 | <0.001 | |
| Perceived severity of infection | 2 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 3) | −2.098 | 0.036 | |
| Vaccine availability in health centers | 4 (3, 4) | 4 (4, 5) | −8.618 | <0.001 | |
| Trust in pharmaceutical companies | 3 (2, 4) | 4 (3, 4) | −11.824 | <0.001 | |
| Trust in government | 0–33 | 181 (76.7) | 55 (23.3) | 204.240 | <0.001 |
| 34–67 | 223 (46.9) | 252 (53.1) | |||
| 68–100 | 103 (21.4) | 378 (78.6) | |||
| Follow government advice | Personal choice | 339 (69.9) | 146 (30.1) | 63.675 | <0.001 |
| Civic duty | 302 (46.2) | 352 (53.8) | |||
| Attitude toward new vaccine | First to get | 14 (2.7) | 105 (82.3) | 86.725 | <0.001 |
| Wait and see | 441 (44.0) | 561 (56.0) | |||
| Refuse | 59 (78.7) | 16 (21.3) | |||
Note. The sample size varied due to missing data.