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Light is the primary zeitgeber for entrainment to a 24 h cycle in mammals. Solar blue light (~480 nm) excites melanopsin, which in turn activates intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that send excitatory signals to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. Termed the central pacemaker, the SCN dictates daily oscillations in peripheral organs. Created with Biorender.com accessed on 24 July 2023.
