Table 1.
Examples of plants with prebiotic and hepatoprotective properties.
| Common Name (Latin Name) | Family | Used Part | Materials | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garlic (Allium sativum) | Alliaceae | bulb | Rats | [56,57,58] |
| Onion (Allium cepa) | Alliaceae | bulb | Rats | [57,59,60,61,62] |
| Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) | Apiaceae | leaves, flowers | Rats, clinical trials (100 patients, 17 patients) | [56,57,59,63,64] |
| Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) | Asteraceae | root, leaves | Mice | [56,57,64,65,66,67] |
| Chicory (Cichorium intybus) | Asteraceae | root, herb | Rats, mice, rabbits, clinical trials (92 patients, 36 patients) | [59,63,64,68] |
| Reishi or Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) | Polyporaceae | fruiting bodies | Mice, rats, | [69,70,71,72,73] |
| Antrodia cinnamomea (syn. A. camphorata) | Fomitopsidaceae | fruiting bodies | Rats, mice, female chicks, human HCC cell lines (i.e., HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5), clinical trials (44 patients, 28 patiensts) | [69,74,75,76,77,78,79,80] |
| Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) | Agaricaceae | fruiting bodies | Mice | [81,82,83,84,85] |
| Golden oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) | Pleurotaceae | fruiting bodies | Mice, Human cell line (HepG2 cells) | [86,87,88] |
| Shiitake (Lentinus edodoes) | Marasmiaceae | fruiting bodies | Mice | [87,89,90,91] |