Table 3.

Clinical studies reporting the relation between oat consumption and microbiota modulation.

Authors (Year)	Country	Title	Journal	Food Matrix or Supplement	The Aim	Methodology	Outcomes of Interest
Xu, Feng, Chu, Wang, Shete, Tuohy, Liu, Zhou, Kamil, Pan, Liu, Yang, Yang, Zhu, Lv, Xiong, Wang, Sun, Sun, and Yang (2021) [59]	China	The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared with Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial	Frontiers in Immunology	Oat	Evaluate the relationship of blood lipids, intestinal microbiota, and SCFAs in a Chinese population with mild hypercholesterolemia.	In a randomized parallel design, 210 mildly hypercholesterolemic males and females from Beijing, Nanjing, and Shanghai were assigned to a diet containing 80 g/d of oats or rice (control) for 45 days, along with their habitual diet.	Total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol decreased in the oat group after 30 days and rice group after 45 days. The decrease in total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol was greater in the oat group compared with the rice group at Day 45. Oat consumption significantly increased Akkermansia muciniphila, Roseburia, Dialister, Butyrivibrio, and Paraprevotella, and decreased Sutterellaceae. Oat consumption increased Bifidobacterium and was negatively correlated with LDL-C. In the oat group, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were negatively correlated to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In the oat group, Enterobacteriaceae, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were positively correlated with plasma butyric acid and valeric acid concentrations and negatively correlated to isobutyric acid.
Valeur, Puaschitz, Midtvedt, and Berstad (2016) [60]	Norway	Oatmeal Porridge: Impact on Microflora-Associated Characteristics in Healthy Subjects	British Journal of Nutrition	Oatmeal porridge	Evaluate the effect of oatmeal porridge consumption every day for one week on fecal SCFAs, gas production, and inflammatory markers.	Ten healthy males and females consumed a daily portion of 60 g oatmeal porridge for 7 days. Lactulose-induced intestinal gas production, fecal excretion of SCFA, fecal levels of β-galactosidase and urease, and PGE2 levels were analyzed.	Fecal levels of β-galactosidase, urease, and PGE2 decreased after consumption of oatmeal porridge for one week.