Table 2.
Anthropometric, Body Composition, and Biochemical Characteristics of Participants on Intervention Arm and Follow-up Time. NUTRIATT Trial, Castellana Grotte, 2015–2016.
| Variables | Follow-Up | Working Arms | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C a | LGIMD b | PA1 c | PA2 d | PA1+LGIMD5 e | PA2+LGIMD f | p-Value | ||
| N | Baseline | 22 | 23 | 25 | 23 | 27 | 24 | |
| E (kPa) g | Baseline | 5.95 (2.12) | 7.35 (4.43) | 6.48 (2.66) | 6.17 (2.24) | 6.48 (3.48) | 6.55 (3.76) | 0.79 |
| 45 days | 5.29 (1.45) | 6.74 (2.94) | 6.55 (2.99) | 5.46 (1.65) | 5.25 (2.07) | 7.23 (6.82) | 0.31 | |
| 90 days | 7.04 (4.62) | 6.17 (1.71) | 6.88 (2.71) | 6.39 (2.38) | 5.89 (3.17) | 5.47 (2.25) | 0.57 | |
| CAP (dB/m) h | Baseline | 349.09 (60.28) | 341.57 (45.17) | 339.92 (44.89) | 334.78 (51.01) | 328.56 (52.05) | 323.63 (53.98) | 0.58 |
| 45 days | 322.12 (83.18) | 296.52 (51.10) | 295.10 (50.68) | 299.55 (63.73) | 275.61 (75.84) | 289.38 (70.15) | 0.39 | |
| 90 days | 307.80 (73.10) | 303.72 (81.70) | 287.88 (54.59) | 284.11 (62.22) | 259.84 (57.01) | 289.18 (72.96) | 0.21 | |
| SBP (Hg mm) i | Baseline | 126.14 (12.14) | 128.86 (17.86) | 123.80 (13.17) | 118.00 (13.22) | 127.04 (13.82) | 122.71 (17.00) | 0.20 |
| 45 days | 121.67 (16.80) | 120.48 (14.31) | 119.50 (10.50) | 116.25 (12.66) | 120.87 (13.03) | 117.08 (13.34) | 0.75 | |
| 90 days | 122.33 (12.37) | 122.78 (12.27) | 119.06 (10.04) | 116.25 (10.88) | 123.61 (12.34) | 118.41 (12.95) | 0.40 | |
| DBP (Hg mm) l | Baseline | 81.59 (8.51) | 82.73 (9.73) | 80.60 (6.18) | 79.50 (6.26) | 82.59 (6.10) | 81.04 (9.32) | 0.73 |
| 45 days | 80.28 (7.37) | 79.76 (8.14) | 79.50 (8.57) | 79.00 (7.88) | 80.00 (7.39) | 77.71 (5.51) | 0.89 | |
| 90 days | 81.67 (8.16) | 77.50 (9.74) | 80.63 (6.80) | 79.69 (6.94) | 81.94 (6.89) | 77.50 (6.50) | 0.29 | |
| BMI m | Baseline | 34.14 (4.97) | 32.91 (4.26) | 32.73 (5.37) | 30.79 (3.16) | 33.07 (4.20) | 34.09 (3.77) | 0.13 |
| 45 days | 32.50 (4.57) | 30.70 (4.22) | 31.87 (4.96) | 30.05 (3.27) | 31.50 (3.61) | 32.19 (3.42) | 0.35 | |
| 90 days | 32.12 (5.11) | 30.14 (4.73) | 31.01 (4.69) | 29.80 (3.53) | 30.89 (3.91) | 31.97 (3.67) | 0.53 | |
| WC (cm) n | Baseline | 106.59 (11.80) | 102.91 (10.98) | 103.84 (8.58) | 99.70 (8.10) | 103.48 (11.89) | 104.46 (12.15) | 0.42 |
| 45 days | 102.11 (12.24) | 97.24 (10.19) | 101.43 (9.71) | 97.32 (6.76) | 97.92 (9.06) | 99.96 (10.20) | 0.42 | |
| 90 days | 101.00 (11.47) | 95.72 (9.69) | 99.41 (8.71) | 97.16 (6.54) | 98.01 (8.91) | 98.91 (10.57) | 0.66 | |
| HC (cm) o | Baseline | 113.59 (11.97) | 110.35 (10.18) | 109.76 (9.54) | 106.78 (7.90) | 107.67 (7.88) | 111.46 (8.04) | 0.15 |
| 45 days | 109.39 (9.80) | 105.29 (8.89) | 106.90 (11.04) | 105.18 (8.23) | 104.68 (7.12) | 107.96 (9.58) | 0.51 | |
| 90 days | 107.31 (11.32) | 104.28 (8.46) | 106.82 (8.61) | 102.68 (7.68) | 103.75 (8.42) | 107.09 (7.52) | 0.42 | |
| BCM p | Baseline | 31.87 (6.59) | 32.29 (5.53) | 33.20 (7.24) | 34.94 (5.79) | 33.49 (7.63) | 34.68 (7.27) | 0.60 |
| 45 days | 31.11 (6.31) | 31.28 (5.74) | 33.46 (7.16) | 34.15 (5.16) | 32.05 (6.84) | 33.90 (6.48) | 0.46 | |
| 90 days | 32.09 (6.47) | 31.90 (6.05) | 32.54 (6.72) | 35.08 (4.85) | 32.26 (7.11) | 34.14 (7.10) | 0.61 | |
| FM q | Baseline | 34.21 (12.24) | 31.17 (10.54) | 30.85 (10.68) | 28.07 (7.13) | 31.04 (7.64) | 33.90 (9.16) | 0.31 |
| 45 days | 31.12 (11.31) | 26.84 (9.10) | 29.43 (10.36) | 26.48 (7.76) | 28.49 (6.62) | 29.99 (7.85) | 0.51 | |
| 90 days | 29.82 (12.84) | 24.82 (8.94) | 27.31 (9.34) | 25.46 (7.67) | 26.41 (7.34) | 28.71 (8.57) | 0.60 | |
| FFM r | Baseline | 59.07 (9.99) | 59.27 (9.29) | 60.73 (11.47) | 62.54 (8.72) | 61.71 (11.76) | 62.97 (12.11) | 0.76 |
| 45 days | 57.62 (9.75) | 57.69 (8.64) | 60.71 (10.95) | 61.90 (7.83) | 59.71 (10.64) | 61.44 (10.93) | 0.61 | |
| 90 days | 59.33 (10.15) | 59.17 (9.27) | 60.11 (10.39) | 63.53 (7.60) | 60.19 (11.16) | 62.10 (11.63) | 0.78 | |
| GLUCOSE (mmol/L) | Baseline | 5.33 (0.67) | 5.90 (1.33) | 5.78 (1.70) | 5.41 (0.75) | 5.36 (0.62) | 5.49 (0.67) | 0.77 |
| 45 days | 5.09 (0.40) | 5.77 (1.09) | 5.43 (1.29) | 5.15 (0.63) | 5.20 (0.63) | 5.35 (0.60) | 0.10 | |
| 90 days | 5.10 (0.40) | 5.90 (1.38) | 5.60 (1.53) | 5.28 (1.07) | 5.25 (0.89) | 5.36 (0.53) | 0.26 | |
| TC (mmol/L) s | Baseline | 5.11 (1.06) | 5.11 (1.41) | 5.00 (0.82) | 5.31 (0.93) | 5.25 (1.10) | 5.34 (1.01) | 0.79 |
| 45 days | 5.05 (0.85) | 4.63 (1.13) | 4.97 (0.82) | 5.17 (0.82) | 4.93 (0.88) | 4.73 (1.00) | 0.38 | |
| 90 days | 5.04 (0.69) | 4.94 (1.32) | 5.32 (0.70) | 5.50 (0.92) | 4.95 (0.96) | 4.90 (1.04) | 0.30 | |
| TGL (mmol/L) t | Baseline | 1.19 (0.62) | 1.65 (1.18) | 1.39 (0.99) | 1.39 (0.66) | 1.63 (1.06) | 1.63 (0.89) | 0.78 |
| 45 days | 1.07 (0.52) | 1.45 (0.93) | 1.25 (0.66) | 1.18 (0.74) | 1.32 (1.11) | 1.23 (0.84) | 0.80 | |
| 90 days | 1.08 (0.56) | 1.42 (0.77) | 1.22 (0.62) | 1.38 (0.73) | 1.15 (0.62) | 1.30 (0.88) | 0.73 | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) u | Baseline | 1.22 (0.34) | 1.18 (0.36) | 1.13 (0.27) | 1.16 (0.30) | 1.14 (0.22) | 1.09 (0.29) | 0.80 |
| 45 days | 1.19 (0.33) | 1.12 (0.36) | 1.06 (0.24) | 1.16 (0.30) | 1.29 (0.78) | 1.04 (0.32) | 0.39 | |
| 90 days | 1.16 (0.33) | 1.24 (0.46) | 1.15 (0.21) | 1.24 (0.27) | 1.21 (0.23) | 1.11 (0.28) | 0.70 | |
| HOMA-IR v | Baseline | 2.93 (1.69) | 2.83 (1.26) | 3.01 (1.68) | 2.51 (1.59) | 3.24 (1.76) | 3.20 (1.36) | 0.81 |
| 45 days | 2.14 (1.15) | 2.59 (1.86) | 2.05 (1.02) | 1.90 (1.20) | 2.05 (0.87) | 1.99 (0.91) | 0.60 | |
| 90 days | 2.06 (1.27) | 2.80 (1.46) | 2.32 (1.20) | 2.33 (2.33) | 3.75 (6.65) | 2.43 (1.38) | 0.65 | |
| HBA1C (mmol/mol) z | Baseline | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.83 |
| 45 days | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.85 | |
| 90 days | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.05 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.00) | 0.47 | |
a CD: Control Diet based on CREA-AN guidelines; b LGIMD: Low-Glycemic-Index Mediterranean Diet; c PA1: Physical Activity 1 based on the Aerobic Activity Program; d PA2: Physical Activity 2 based on the combination of Aerobic Activity Program and Resistance Training; e PA1+LGIMD; f PA2+LGIMD; g E (kPa): Elasticity (KiloPascal); h CAP: Controlled Attenuation Parameter FibroScan®; i SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; l DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; m BMI: Body Mass Index; n WC: Waist Circumference; o HC: Hip circumference; p BCM: Body Cell Mass; q FM: Fat Mass; r FFM: Fat-Free Mass; s TC: Total Cholesterol; t TGL: Triglycerides; u HDL-C: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; v HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; z HbA1c: Glycated Hemoglobin.