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. 2023 Aug 11;15(16):3538. doi: 10.3390/nu15163538

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Comparison of trace element concentration during the study according to dietary pattern. (A–D) Total selenium, (E–H) total copper and (I–L) total serum zinc concentrations of omnivores (WD, n = 40), flexitarians (Flex, n = 47), vegetarians (VG, n = 45), and vegans (VN, n = 40) were determined using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF). The dashed lines indicate the reference ranges of serum trace element levels. The number 0 on the X-axis represents the baseline. The results are shown as median with 25- and 75-quartile range (indicated as dotted lines). Diet groups that do not share indices (a,b) differ significantly (Friedman test followed by Benjamini–Hochberg correction (p < 0.05)).