Table 2.
Examples of PVNP-based combination therapies.
| PVNP | Agent | Combination Therapy | Tumor Model | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPMV | Anti-PD-1 antibodies, agonistic OX40-specific antibodies, agonistic anti-CD40 |
Immuno-immunotherapy | Ovarian cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma | [120,123] |
| CPMV | Irradiated cancer cells (ICCs) | Immuno-immunotherapy | Ovarian cancer | [124] |
| CPMV | Cyclophosphamide (CPA) | Immuno-chemotherapy | Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) | [13] |
| CPMV | Polydopamine (PDA) | Immuno-photothermal therapy | B16F10 dermal melanoma | [90] |
| CPMV | Radiation | Immuno-radiation therapy | Ovarian carcinoma | [117] |
| CPMV | Cryo | Immuno-Cryoablation | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | [125] |
| TMV | Porphyrin-based photosensitizer drug (Zn-Por) | Immuno-photodynamic therapy | Melanoma and cervical cancer models | [88] |
| TMGMV | Porphyrin-based photosensitizer drug (Zn-Por) | Immuno-photodynamic therapy | Melanoma and cervical cancer models | [88] |