Table 1.
Average percentage of susceptibility of Gram-positive organisms to antibiotics in Saudi Arabia between 2013–2023.
| Antibiotic | Staphylococcus aureus (n = 5650) | MRSA (n = 3097) | VRE (n = 24) |
Enterococcus Species * (n = 2266) |
Enterococcus faecalis (n = 149) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 72.1 | 16.9 | - | - | - |
| Amikacin | - | 23 | - | - | - |
| Ampicillin | 47.4 | 5.2 | 100 | 83 | 95 |
| Azithromycin | 50 | - | - | - | - |
| Cefazolin | 100 | 100 | - | - | - |
| Ceftriaxone | 66.7 | - | - | - | - |
| Cefotaxime | - | 14.4 | - | - | - |
| Cefoxitin | 56.9 | 11.5 ** | 100 | 29.7 | - |
| Chloramphenicol | 54.6 | - | - | - | - |
| Ciprofloxacin | 74 | 58.6 | - | 35.9 | 67 |
| Clindamycin | 88.9 | 62.4 | 28.6 | 27.9 | 5 |
| Cloxacillin | 82.9 | 25.6 | - | 82.6 | - |
| Daptomycin | 100 | 97.9 | - | - | - |
| Doxycycline | 53.4 | 51 | - | 17.7 | - |
| Erythromycin | 73.9 | 52.6 | - | 28.8 | 9 |
| Fosfomycin | 90.5 | 100 | - | - | - |
| Fusidic Acid | 94.1 | 58.4 | - | - | - |
| Gentamicin | 86.2 | 59.9 | - | 37.4 | 50 |
| Imipenem | 36.8 | 18.2 | - | - | - |
| Levofloxacin | 76.5 | 49.3 | 71.4 | 64 | 55 |
| Linezolid | 80.5 | 86.8 | 87.9 | 97.3 | 97 |
| Moxifloxacin | 83 | 44.9 | 85.7 | - | 55 |
| Mupirocin | 80.9 | 96.6 | - | - | - |
| Nitrofurantoin | 84.7 | 68.1 | 43 | 80.9 | 95 |
| Oxacillin | 78.3 | 4.3 ** | - | - | - |
| Penicillin | 50.1 | 0.3 | 85.7 | - | 85 |
| Quinupristin | 100 | - | - | - | 5 |
| Rifampin | 94.1 | 84 | - | - | - |
| Streptomycin | - | - | - | - | 70 |
| Quinupristin/dalfopristin | 94.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Teicoplanin | 97.1 | 91 | 38.5 | - | - |
| Tigecycline | 86.2 | 62.5 | 100 | 100 | |
| Tetracycline | 75.2 | 69.2 | - | 35.3 | 85 |
| Tobramycin | 54.5 | - | - | - | |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 82.6 | 55.6 | 28.6 | 67.4 | - |
| Vancomycin | 87.7 | 86.9 | 0 | 93 | 97 |
MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VRE, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. * Includes both E. faecalis and E. faecium. ** This average percentage (4.3%) of oxacillin susceptibility was calculated from three different studies, two of which reported 0% susceptibility and one reported 12.8% susceptibility [32,38,41]. Similarly, the cefoxitin average susceptibility percentage (11.5%) was calculated from three different studies that reported susceptibilities of 21%, 0%, and 13.3%, respectively [25,30,41].